On Farm Trials
OFT-1
1. | Title of On Farm Trial | Standardization of recommended crop management strategies for improving the productivity of Sugarcane in Red laterite tracts of Purulia, West Bengal. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2. | Problem diagnosed | In Purulia Sugarcane is cultivated in about 886 ha., production 38744 MT and Av. productivity is 437 q/ha. Sugarcane is the major crop after Rice in about 12 moujas of Arsha Block in the foothill of Ayodhya Range (lies between 23°20' and23°15' North Latitude and 86°15' and 86°5' East Longitude).In this Patch, Sugarcane is grown as a rainfed crop following in situ soil moisture conservation technique for the last 100 years or more. Here planting of sugarcane usually starts from 15th March and continuous upto 20th April and harvested during Feb to 15th March. From 1975 onwards they are growing Co-527. For the last 15 years they are observing gradual decrease in yield (80-100 t/ha to 40-50t/ha).Increased pest and disease problem that ultimately brought down their profit margin. Low profit leads to shifting to other less remunerative and new crop for the farmer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3. | Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement | Farmers Practice: Farmers plant three budded setts end to end of c.v. Co- 527 without sett treatment in shallow furrows 75 cm apart drenched by Chlorpyriphos and fertilized with IFFCO 10:26:26 @ 225 kg/ha followed by two top dressing with IFFCO 10:26:26@ 225 kg/ha at 45 DAP and @ 112.5 kg/ha at 90 DAP respectively. Hand weeding 7-8 timed at 15-20 days interval.
Technology option – I: Planting three budded setts end to end of c.v. Co- 0238treated with Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 2gm per lit of water, in shallow furrows 1 m apart drenched by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 S.L @ 180 ml in 300lit.of water per acre and fertilized with only Phosphate @ 100 kg./ha followed by top dressing at 30,60 & 90 DAP with Nitrogen and Potash @ 50 kg and 33 kg/ha every time +Pre emergence (2-3 days of planting) application of Atrazin 50% @ 0.85 kg in 160 litres of water per acre + Two post emergence (30 DAP & 60 DAP) application of Metribuzin 300 gm + 2, 4 D Amine 1.5 litre in 200 litre of water per acre + application of Forate 10G @ 10 kg per acre at 60 DAP . Technology option – II: Planting Settlings raised from sugarcane buds in Nursery of c.v. Co- 0238 with same package of practices as Technology Option I |
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4. | Source of Technology | ICAR- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5. | Production system and thematic area | Production System:Sugarcane – Fallow
Thematic Area:Crop Production (Integrated Crop Management) |
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6. | Performance of the Technology with performance indicators |
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7. | Final recommendation for micro level situation | Planting Settlings raised from sugarcane buds in Nursery of c.v. Co- 0238 inplace of Sugarcane setts with other recommended package of practices (treated with Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 2gm per lit of water, in shallow furrows 1 m apart drenched by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 S.L @ 180 ml in 300lit.of water per acre and fertilized with only Phosphate @ 100 kg./ha followed by top dressing at 30, 60 & 90 DAP with Nitrogen and Potash @ 50 kg and 33 kg/ha every time +Pre emergence (2-3 days of planting) application of Atrazin 50% @ 0.85 kg in 160 litres of water per acre + Two post emergence (30 DAP & 60 DAP) application of Metribuzin 300 gm + 2, 4 D Amine 1.5 litre in 200 litre of water per acre + application of Forate 10G @ 10 kg per acre at 60 DAP.) significantly increased different yield attributes compared to farmers practice. The highest number of millable canes (53,550/ha), maximum caneheight (205 cm), cane diameter (2.12 cm) were recorded in Technology option -II and that resulted in the highest cane yield(70.45 t/ha) and highest economical benefit. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8. | Constraints identified and feedback for research | i) Farmers are unaware about the methodology and efficacy of Planting Settlings raised from sugarcane buds in Nursery of c.v. Co- 0238 inplace of Sugarcane setts
ii) Non availability of varity Co-0238. iii) Farmers are unaware about the recommended package of practices. |
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9. | Process of farmers participation and their reaction | 10 nos. of innovative farmers were selected and trained before initiation of the OFT at farm level, they were involved in the process of conducting OFTs data collection & other information related with the trial. Other farmers who did not participated in OFT but observed it keenly. |
Thematic area: Crop Production (Integrated Crop Management)
Problem definition:
In Purulia Sugarcane is cultivated in about 886 ha., production 38744 MT and Av. productivity is 437 q/ha. Sugarcane is the major crop after Rice in about 12 moujas of Arsha Block in the foothill of Ayodhya Range (lies between 23°20' and23°15' North Latitude and 86°15' and 86°5' East Longitude).In this Patch, Sugarcane is grown as a rainfed crop following in situ soil moisture conservation technique for the last 100 years or more. Here planting of sugarcane usually starts from 15th March and continuous upto 20th April and harvested during Feb to 15th March. From 1975 onwards they are growing Co-527. For the last 15 years they are observing gradual decrease in yield (80-100 t/ha to 40-50t/ha).Increased pest and disease problem that ultimately brought down their profit margin. Low profit leads to shifting to other less remunerative and new crop for the farmer
Technology assessed:
Farmers Practice: Farmers plant three budded setts end to end of c.v. Co- 527 without sett treatment in shallow furrows 75 cm apart drenched by Chlorpyriphos and fertilized with IFFCO 10:26:26 @ 225 kg/ha followed by two top dressing with IFFCO 10:26:26@ 225 kg/ha at 45 DAP and @ 112.5 kg/ha at 90 DAP respectively. Hand weeding 7-8 timed at 15-20 days interval.
Technology option – I: Planting three budded setts end to end of c.v. Co- 0238treated with Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 2gm per lit of water, in shallow furrows 1 m apart drenched by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 S.L @ 180 ml in 300lit.of water per acre and fertilized with only Phosphate @ 100 kg./ha followed by top dressing at 30,60 & 90 DAP with Nitrogen and Potash @ 50 kg and 33 kg/ha every time +Pre emergence (2-3 days of planting) application of Atrazin 50% @ 0.85 kg in 160 litres of water per acre + Two post emergence (30 DAP & 60 DAP) application of Metribuzin 300 gm + 2, 4 D Amine 1.5 litre in 200 litre of water per acre + application of Forate 10G @ 10 kg per acre at 60 DAP .
Technology option – II: Planting Settlings raised from sugarcane buds in Nursery of c.v. Co- 0238 with same package of practices as Technology Option I
Table: Assessment of different recommended crop management strategies for improving the productivity of Sugarcane in Red laterite tracts of Purulia, West Bengal.
D.O.S: 06.04.2023 D.O.H: 10.02.2024 No. of Replication: 10, cv. Co-0238
Tech. option | No. of trials | Yield component | Cane yield (t/ha) | Gross Cost (Rs/ha) | Gross return (Rs/ha) | Net return (Rs/ha) | BC ratio | ||
Millable cane
(,000/ha) |
Cane diameter (cm) | Cane height (cm) | |||||||
Farmers Practice - Farmers plant three budded setts end to end of c.v. Co- 527 without sett treatment in shallow furrows 75 cm apart drenched by Chlorpyriphos and fertilized with IFFCO 10:26:26 @ 225 kg./ha followed by two top dressing with IFFCO 10:26:26@ 225 kg./ha at 45 DAP and @ 112.5 kg./ha at 90 DAP respectively. Hand weeding 7-8 timed at 15-20 days interval.
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10 | 29.20 | 1.51 | 168 | 42.25 | 1,29,000 | 1,69,000 | 40,000 | 1.31 |
Technology option – I : Planting three budded setts end to end of c.v. Co- 0238treated with Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 2gm per lit of water, in shallow furrows 1 m apart drenched by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 S.L @ 180 ml in 300lit.of water per acre and fertilized with only Phosphate @ 100 kg./ha followed by top dressing at 30,60 & 90 DAP with Nitrogen and Potash @ 50 kg and 33 kg/ha every time +Pre emergence (2-3 days of planting) application of Atrazin 50% @ 0.85 kg in 160 litres of water per acre + Two post emergence (30 DAP & 60 DAP) application of Metribuzin 300 gm + 2, 4 D Amine 1.5 litre in 200 litre of water per acre + application of Forate 10G @ 10 kg per acre at 60 DAP . | 44.35 | 2.02 | 192 | 62.32 | 1,46,000 | 2,49,280 | 1,03,280 | 1.70 | |
Technology option – II : Planting Settlings raised from sugarcane buds in Nursery of c.v. Co- 0238 with same package of practices as Technology Option I
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53.55 | 2.12 | 205 | 70.45 | 1,56,500 | 2,81,800 | 1,25,300 | 1.80 | |
CD at 5% | 8.33 | NS | 5.35 | 6.12 |
Results: Both recommended crop management options gave significantly higher yield over Farmers practice. Among them, Planting Settlings raised from sugarcane buds in Nursery of c.v. Co- 0238 inplace of Sugarcane setts with other recommended package of practices (treated with Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 2gm per lit of water, in shallow furrows 1 m apart drenched by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 S.L @ 180 ml in 300lit.of water per acre and fertilized with only Phosphate @ 100 kg./ha followed by top dressing at 30,60 & 90 DAP with Nitrogen and Potash @ 50 kg and 33 kg/ha every time +Pre emergence (2-3 days of planting) application of Atrazin 50% @ 0.85 kg in 160 litres of water per acre + Two post emergence (30 DAP & 60 DAP) application of Metribuzin 300 gm + 2, 4 D Amine 1.5 litre in 200 litre of water per acre + application of Forate 10G @ 10 kg per acre at 60 DAP.) significantly increased different yield attributes compared to other two options while giving the highest number of millable canes (53,550/ha), maximum caneheight (205 cm), cane diameter (2.12 cm) were recorded in Technology option -II and that resulted in the highest cane yield(70.45 t/ha) and highest economical benefit.
OFT-1
1. | Title of On Farm Trial | Assessment of the effect of common salt spray on seed quality and yield of Rice during Kharif season under rainfed bunded upland situation of Red & Lateritic Zone of Purulia District. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2. | Problem diagnosed | Importance of good quality seed has been very important for well recognized successful production of any crop especially in Rice. Rice being an important cereal crop of dry region, Pre and post-harvest technologies are imperative to avoid yield losses coupled with quality of seeds in crops, which accounts for a major share of the harvested produce. Technologies to reduce such losses with particular reference to rice are reviewed in this OFT. The technology i.e. spraying common salt (20%) is a simple traditional indigenous method. Therefore, the present investigation to be carried out to know the effect of common salt spray on seed germination and yield in rice. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3. | Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement | Farmers Practice: Farmers grow Rice by without spraying of common salt solution as pre-harvest chemical desiccation.
Technology Option-I: Spray of common salt solution of 20% concentrations on 25th day of 50% flowering as pre-harvest chemical desiccation. Technology Option-II: Spray of normal water on 25th day of 50% flowering Technology as pre-harvest chemical desiccation |
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4. | Source of Technology | 1. Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, India.
2. Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology in Nanjing Agricultural University (Nanjing, China). |
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5. | Production system and thematic area | Rice based production system (Rice-Fallow-Fallow) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6. | Performance of the Technology with performance indicators | D.O.S: 01-06 July, 2023 D.O.H: 11-17.11.2023 No. of Replication:10 Crop: Paddy cv. Lalat
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7. | Final recommendation for micro level situation | From the avove study it can be concluded that Technology Option-I i.e. Spray of common salt solution of 20% concentrations on 25th day of 50% flowering as pre-harvest chemical desiccation give significantly 21.19% mone yield and more B:C ration over the Farmers Practice. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8. | Constraints identified and feedback for research | There is a need to create the data base on effect effect of common salt spray on seed quality and yield of different crops. Need to prepare a policy draft for consideration of planners for its promotion at large scale. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9. | Process of farmers participation and their reaction | PRA for problem identification and matching it with technologies available from different resource centers. Then finalize the treatments in consultation with farmers and researchers for planning the OFT. The programme was implemented through regular field visits by the KVK scientists, Interaction with the contact farmers and group discussion with the villagers. Feedback was collected from the direct response of the participating farmers/ farm women, indirect response of the villagers and discussion with village level leaders and govt. agencies. To promote adoption of new enterprises and to take higher economic return from different enterprises farmers should develop their banking aptitudes and habits to take full advantage of credit facilities extended by the banks and should be treated as important as their own programmes. Timely supply of inputs, strengthening the extension infrastructure and marketing facilities also need attention. |
Thematic area: Crop Production (Seed Production)
Problem definition:Seed drying is a vital operation in the chain of seed handling which permits the early harvest, long-term storage, and high-quality production of seed. Harvesting seed with low moisture content (MC) has the dual benefits of saving costs and improving seed quality. When seed has a high MC, it may be damaged by too rapid drying, causing bursting or “case-hardening”, in which the surface of the seed dries out rapidly, sealing moisture within the inner layers (K'Opondo, 2011). To solve these issues, leaving seed to dry in fields is a traditional and economical method for farmers. Nevertheless, pre-harvest chemical desiccation provides some significant advantages. Chemical applications may advance the harvest date, eliminate seed losses, and improve quality without affecting germination (Shafer and Furrer, 1955).
Technology assessed:The present investigation to be carried to assess of the effect of common salt spray on seed quality and yield of Rice during Kharif season under rainfed bunded upland situation of Red & Lateritic Zone of Purulia District.
Table: Assessment of the effect of common salt spray on seed quality and yield of Rice during Kharif season under rainfed bunded upland situation of Red & Lateritic Zone of Purulia District.
D.O.S: 01-06 July, 2023 D.O.H: 11-17.11.2023 No. of Replication:10 Crop: Paddy cv. Lalat
Tech. Option | No. of Trials | Yield
(q/ha) |
Germination
(%) |
Field emergence
(%), |
No. of effective tillers/hill | No. of spikelet per panicle | Test wt. (100 grain wt.) | Gross cost (Rs./ha) | Gross Return (Rs./ha) | Net return (Rs./ha) | B:C |
Farmers Practice: Farmers grow Rice by without spraying of common salt solution as pre-harvest chemical desiccation. | 10 | 41.06 | 86.94 | 78.37 | 13.36 | 96 | 20.3 | 24650 | 37800 | 13150 | 1.53 |
Technology Option-I: Spray of common salt solution of 20% concentrations on 25th day of 50% flowering as pre-harvest chemical desiccation. | 45.78 | 84.87 | 84.10 | 18.56 | 132 | 23.6 | 26900 | 45600 | 18700 | 1.70 | |
Technology Option-II: Spray of normal water on 25th day of 50% flowering Technology as pre-harvest chemical desiccation | 43.04 | 81.33 | 81.28 | 17.80 | 125 | 22.5 | 26850 | 41550 | 14700 | 1.55 | |
CD at 5% | 1.60 |
Results: From the above study it can be concluded that Technology Option-I i.e. Spray of common salt solution of 20% concentrations on 25th day of 50% flowering as pre-harvest chemical desiccation give significantly 11.17% more yield and more B:C ration over the Farmers Practice.
OFT-2
1. | Title of On Farm Trial
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Performance evaluation of improved high yielding varieties of Blackgram during Kharif season under rainfed unbunded upland situation of Red & Lateritic Zone of Purulia District. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2. | Problem diagnosed | Blackgram is widely cultivated in the kharif season at the unbunded uplands of Purulia districts with area of 2244 ha, with a productivity of 595 kg/ha. Low production potentiality of local cultivars with lots of impurities. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3. | Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement | Farmers’ practice :Sowing of traditional variety of Black gram by broadcasting of seeds with a depth of sowing 5-10 cm with a seed rate of 20-25 kg/ha.
Technology option I: PU-31 Technology option II :Goutam Technology option III: Sarada |
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4. | Source of Technology | 1. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 08 (2018).
2. Indian Journal of Extension Education, (2019), 55(4):71-76. |
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5. | Production system and thematic area | Production System: Black gram based production system (Black gram-Fallow-Fallow)
Thematic Area: Crop Production (Seed Production) |
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6. | Performance of the Technology with performance indicators | D.O.S: 21-27.06. 2023, D.O.H: 12-19 Sept, 2023; No. of Replication:10 Crop: Blackgram cv. PU-31, Goutam,Sarada
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7. | Final recommendation for micro level situation | From the result it is clear that the Technology option- I i.e. use of variety PU-31 exhibited higher yield 13.0 q/ha due to more number of primary brances/plant, numbers of Pod/plant, number of seeds/ pod as well as 1000 seed weight resulting more return and increased B:C ratio. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8. | Constraints identified and feedback for research | Less-availability of PU-31 seed in the market and problem in storage. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9. | Process of farmers participation and their reaction | Active participation of farmer from planning to execution. Encouraging response from the farmer end as they gotbetter price due to high yield and better colour and texture of the product. |
Thematic area: Crop Production (Seed Production)
Problem definition: There are several factors for low production and productivity of Blackgram crop in the district of Purulia. However, lower seed replacement with improved varieties is crucial one. The lower seed replacement rate with improved varieties is due to their inadequate availability in spite of development of numerous location specific varieties with 20-25 per cent yield superiority over the local cultivars with additional trait of resistance against insect-pests and diseases (Singh et al., 2019).
Technology assessed:
Farmers’ practice : Sowing of traditional variety of Black gram by broadcasting of seeds with a depth of sowing 5-10 cm with a seed rate of 20-25 kg/ha.
Technology option I: PU-31
Technology option II : Goutam
Technology option III: Sarada
D.O.S: 21-27.06. 2023 D.O.H: 12-19 Sept, 2023 No. of Replication:10 Crop: Blackgram cv. PU-31, Goutam, Sarada
Technology option | No. of trials | Plant Height
(cm) |
No. of primary branches/
plant |
Pod/
Plant |
Seed/
Pod |
1000 seed weight
(g) |
Seed yield
(q/ha) |
Cost of cultivation
(Rs) |
Gross return
(Rs) |
Net Return
(Rs) |
B:C ratio |
Farmers’ practice : sowing of Black gram (traditional variety)by broadcasting of seeds with a depth of sowing 5-10 cm with a seed rate of 20-25 kg/ha. | 10 | 19.1 | 4.5 | 20.6 | 6.2 | 19.8 | 6.37 | 31600 | 34450 | 2850 | 1.09 |
Technology option I: PU-31 | 24.5 | 7.4 | 37.6 | 6.7 | 29.3 | 13.0 | 31650 | 68950 | 37300 | 2.18 | |
Technology option II : Goutam | 29.4 | 6.6 | 33.4 | 6.4 | 27.5 | 12.1 | 31750 | 65350 | 33600 | 2.06 | |
Technology option III: Sarada | 26.9 | 5.5 | 25.1 | 5.2 | 21.1 | 10.5 | 31700 | 57700 | 26000 | 1.82 | |
CD at 5% | N.S. | 2.335 | 1.220 | 1.885 | N.S. | 1.360 |
Results:
From the result it is clear that the Technology option-I i.e., use of variety PU-31 exhibited higher yield 13.0 q/ha due to more number of primary brances/plant, numbers of Pod/plant, number of seeds/ pod as well as 1000 seed weight resulting more return and increased B:C ratio.
OFT-3
1. | Title of On farm Trial | Assessment of the effect of different doses of foliar application of jeevamrit on yield of Kharif Black gram under red and lateritic soils of Purulia District of west Bengal. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2. | Problem diagnosed | Total area and productivity of Kharif Black gram in Purulia District is 1512ha and the average yield is 5.9 q/ha and the crop is grown in the unbunded uplands during kharif season. Among the various constraints for low productivity of kharif Black gram, less and imbalance use of fertilizers is one of the main reason related with lower productivity of Black gram. Farmers of this district apply only the ash as organic source. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3. | Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement | Farmers Practice: Application of Ash @ 10 q./ha (without any chemical fertilizer)
Tech. Option – I :Farmers Practice + Ghanjeevamrit @ 500kg/ha + 10% Jeevamrit (foliar application) at 15 DAS Tech. Option – II :Farmers Practice + Ghanjeevamrit @ 500kg/ha + 20% Jeevamrit (foliar application) at 15 DAS
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4. | Source of Technology | Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2021; 10(1): 405-408.
(CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya) |
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5. | Production system and thematic area | Pulse based production system (Black gram – Fallow – Fallow).
Soil Health & Fertility Management (Integrated Nutrient Management) |
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6. | Performance of the Technology with performance indicators | Soil Analysis:
Table: Assessment of the effect of different doses of foliar application of jeevamrit on yield of Kharif Black gram under red and lateritic soils of Purulia District of west Bengal. D.O.S: 05-10 July, 2023 D.O.H: 11-16 Oct.2023 No. of Replication:10 Blackgram cv. PU-31
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7. | Final recommendation for micro level situation | Results: Results revealed that tech. option II i.e., Application of Ash @ 10 q./ha without any chemical fertilizer along with Ghanjeevamrit @ 500kg/ha + 20% Jeevamrit (foliar application) at 15 DAS performed better and recorded higher black gram yield (9.37 q/ha) followed by Technology option-I (8.29 q/ha) and Farmers’practice (5.95 q/ha) due to comparatively lower cost of cultivation with higher net return and benefit cost ratio. So, it may be recommended that Ghanjeevamrit @ 500kg/ha + 20% Jeevamrit (foliar application) at 15 DAS should performed better and needs to apply in the same field without applying any synthetic inputs by the farmers to sustain yield of black gram and soil health. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8. | Constraints identified and feedback for research | Lack of knowledge about organic formulation preparation and application dose in crops. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9. | Process of farmers participation and their reaction | PRA for problem identification and matching it with technologies available from different resource centers. Then finalize the treatments in consultation with farmers and researchers for planning the OFT. The programme was implemented through regular field visits by the KVK scientists, Interaction with the contact farmers and group discussion with the villagers. Feedback was collected from the direct response of the participating farmers/ farm women, indirect response of the villagers and discussion with village level leaders and govt. agencies. To promote adoption of new enterprises and to take higher economic return from different enterprises farmers should develop their banking aptitudes and habits to take full advantage of credit facilities extended by the banks and should be treated as important as their own programmes. Timely supply of inputs, strengthening the extension infrastructure and marketing facilities also need attention. |
Thematic area: Soil Health & Fertility Management (INM)
Problem definition: Total area and productivity of Kharif Black gram in Purulia District is 1512ha and the average yield is 5.9 q/ha and the crop is grown in the unbunded uplands during kharif season. Among the various constraints for low productivity of kharif Black gram, less and imbalance use of fertilizers is one of the main reason related with lower productivity of Black gram. Farmers of this district apply only the ash as organic source.
Technology assessed: To study the effect of jeevamrit application on yield of Black gram.
Table: Assessment of the effect of different doses of foliar application of jeevamrit on yield of Kharif Black gram under red and lateritic soils of Purulia District of west Bengal.
D.O.S: 05-10 July, 2023 D.O.H: 11-16 Oct.2023 No. of Replication:10 Blackgram cv. PU-31
Tech. Option | No. of Trials | Yield
(q/ha) |
Gross cost (Rs./ha) | Gross Return (Rs./ha) | Net return (Rs./ha) | B:C |
Farmers Practice: Application of Ash @ 10 q./ha (without any chemical fertilizer) | 10 | 5.95 | 18920 | 38675 | 19755 | 2.04 |
Tech. Option – I :Farmers Practice + Ghanjeevamrit @ 500kg/ha + 10% Jeevamrit (foliar application) at 15 DAS | 8.29 | 21580 | 53885 | 32305 | 2.50 | |
Tech. Option – II :Farmers Practice + Ghanjeevamrit @ 500kg/ha + 20% Jeevamrit (foliar application) at 15 DAS | 9.37 | 22750 | 60905 | 38155 | 2.68 | |
CD at 5% | 1.49 |
Results: Results revealed that tech. option II i.e., Application of Ash @ 10 q./ha without any chemical fertilizer along with Ghanjeevamrit @ 500kg/ha + 20% Jeevamrit (foliar application) at 15 DAS performed better and recorded higher black gram yield (9.37 q/ha) followed by Technology option-I (8.29 q/ha) and Farmers’practice (5.95 q/ha) due to comparatively lower cost of cultivation with higher net return and benefit cost ratio. So, it may be recommended that Ghanjeevamrit @ 500kg/ha + 20% Jeevamrit (foliar application) at 15 DAS should performed better and needs to apply in the same field without applying any synthetic inputs by the farmers to sustain yield of black gram and soil health.
OFT-4
1. | Title of On farm Trial | Assessment of Split application of Potash on yield of kharif rice under red and lateritic soils of Purulia District of West Bengal. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2. | Problem diagnosed | Paddy cultivation of this district is the primary crop during Kharif season. 77% of the net-cropped area is under Aman paddy cultivation.Out of the total agricultural holding about 73 % belongs to small and marginal farmers. The crops are grown mostly under rainfed condition, generally with low fertilizer and it was observed that farmers apply potash fertilizer mainly at the time of land preparation as basal dose. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3. | Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement | Farmers Practice: Application of FYM @ 2.5 t/ha + Soil application of 60 kg DAP/ ha & 60 kg MOP/ha as basal and 60 Kg Urea/ha as top dressing at 25 DAT and 55 DAT.
Tech. Option – I: Farmers Practice + potassic fertilizer used by the farmers (50% as basal + 50% at max. tillering). Tech. Option – II: Farmers Practice + potassic fertilizer used by the farmers (50% as basal + 25% at max. tillering + 25% at PI stage). |
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4 | Source of Technology | The Pharma Innovation Journal 2021; 10(10): 44-48. (Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5. | Production system and thematic area | Kharif Paddy based production system (Kharif Paddy – Fallow – Fallow).
Soil Health & Fertility Management (INM) |
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6. | Performance of the Technology with performance indicators | Soil Analysis:
1. Table: Assessment of Split application of Potash on yield of kharif rice under red and lateritic soils of Purulia District of West Bengal. D.O.S:20-25/07/2023 D.O.H: 15-20/11/2023 No. of Replication: 10 Paddy: cv. G.B.-1
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7. | Final recommendation for micro level situation | Results revealed that the yield (32.43 q/ha) and B:C ratio (1.81) of technology option-II is highest followed by Technology option-I (30.01 q/ha & 1.75) & Farmers’ practice (27.49 q/ha & 1.66) in terms of split application of potassium fertilizer with 50% basal and rest in two equal splits at MT and PI stage. It enhances the K use efficiency and increase the duration between flowering and maturity for quality grain production. Therefore, it is recommended that basal with split application of potassium fertilizer may be more effective to earn more profits for the small farmers instead of the current application method. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8. | Constraints identified and feedback for research | Lack of knowledge about soil health status and soil application rates of potash. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9. | Process of farmers participation and their reaction | PRA for problem identification and matching it with technologies available from different resource centers. Then finalize the treatments in consultation with farmers and researchers for planning the OFT. The programme was implemented through regular field visits by the KVK scientists, Interaction with the contact farmers and group discussion with the villagers. Feedback was collected from the direct response of the participating farmers/ farm women, indirect response of the villagers and discussion with village level leaders and govt. agencies. To promote adoption of new enterprises and to take higher economic return from different enterprises farmers should develop their banking aptitudes and habits to take full advantage of credit facilities extended by the banks and should be treated as important as their own programmes. Timely supply of inputs, strengthening the extension infrastructure and marketing facilities also need attention. |
Thematic area: Soil Health & Fertility Management (INM)
Problem definition: Paddy cultivation of this district is the primary crop during Kharif season. 77% of the net-cropped area is under Aman paddy cultivation.Out of the total agricultural holding about 73 % belongs to small and marginal farmers. The crops are grown mostly under rainfed condition, generally with low fertilizer and it wasobserved that farmers apply potash fertilizer mainly at the time of land preparation as basal dose.
Technology assessed: To assess the effect of split application of potash on yield of kharif paddy.
- Table: Assessment of soil application of boron on yield and soil properties of kharif paddy under red and lateritic soils of Purulia District of West Bengal.
D.O.S:20-25/07/2023 D.O.H: 15-20/11/2023 No. of Replication: 10 Paddy: cv. G.B.-1
Tech. Option | No. of Trials | Yield
(q/ha) |
No. of effective tillers/hill | No. of spikelet per panicle | Test wt. (100 grain wt.) | Gross cost (Rs./ha) | Gross Return (Rs./ha) | Net return (Rs./ha) | B:C |
Farmers Practice: Application of FYM @ 2.5 t/ha + Soil application of 60 kg DAP/ ha & 60 kg MOP/ha as basal and 60 Kg Urea/ha as top dressing at 25 DAT and 55 DAT. | 10 | 27.49 | 19.14 | 123 | 20.7 | 29800 | 49482 | 21682 | 1.66 |
Tech. Option – I: Farmers Practice + potassic fertilizer used by the farmers (50% as basal + 50% at max. tillering). | 30.01 | 22.32 | 137 | 22.7 | 30800 | 54018 | 23218 | 1.75 | |
Tech. Option – II: Farmers Practice + potassic fertilizer used by the farmers (50% as basal + 25% at max. tillering + 25% at PI stage). | 32.43 | 25.75 | 148 | 23.5 | 32200 | 58374 | 27214 | 1.81 | |
CD at 5% | 1.73 |
Results: Results revealed that the yield (32.43 q/ha) and B:C ratio (1.81) of technology option-II is highest followed by Technology option-I (30.01 q/ha & 1.75) & Farmers’ practice (27.49 q/ha & 1.66) in terms of split application of potassium fertilizer with 50% basal and rest in two equal splits at MT and PI stage. It enhances the K use efficiency and increase the duration between flowering and maturity for quality grain production. Therefore, it is recommended that basal with split application of potassium fertilizer may be more effective to earn more profits for the small farmers instead of the current application method.
OFT-5
1. | Title of On farm Trial | Assessment of the depth of water level in the paddy field during transplanting by mechanized transplanter on yield of Kharif rice in bunded medium assured irrigated land of Red laterite tracts of Purulia, West Bengal during Kharif season. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2. | Problem diagnosed | In Purulia out of total 2.72 lakh ha. under Kharif paddy about 60 % is occupied by upland where even after introduction of HYVs and Hybrids poor crop yield (2.2-2.5 t/ha) is a regular phenomena. Delayed transplanting and sometimes insufficient rainfall for land preparation brought down the overall production of Rice in the District | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3. | Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement | Farmers Practice: Farmers transplant overaged seedlings (40-50 days old) in 10 cm standing water level
Technology option – I: Using 8 Row Mechanized Rice transplanter in 2.5 cm standing water level Technology option – II: Using 8 Row Mechanized Rice transplanter in 5 cm standing water level |
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4. | Source of Technology | International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 6, June-2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5. | Production system and thematic area | Rice-Fallow-Vegetable, Agriculture Engineering (Promotion of farm implements for Crop Production.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6. | Performance of the Technology with performance indicators | D.O.S:21.07.23 D.O.T.: 13.08.23 D.O.H: 29.11.2023 onwards No. Of Replication: 10, Paddy cv. GB-1
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7. | Final recommendation for micro level situation | It was revealed that Technology Option-I i.e., Using 8 Row Mechanized Rice transplanter in 2.5 cm standing water level resulted higher yield (31.75 q/ha) over the Farmers Practice (24.47 q/ha) due to reduction of mandays from 45 to 8 mandays per hectare in kharif paddy cultivation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8. | Constraints identified and feedback for research | i) Farmers are unaware about the Mechanized Rice transplanter for paddy transplanting.
ii) Non availability of Mechanized Rice transplanter at right time. |
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9. | Process of farmers participation and their reaction | The farmers were selected through the FSC meeting held at the concerned village. The selected farmers were trained in the respective technology at village level along with other farmers. Initially the farmers were doubtful about the performance of Mechanized Rice transplanter In paddy transplanting, as they never seen it before in the locality. But they were astonished observing the Reducing Drudgery and increasing weeding efficiency after using of Mechanized Rice transplanter |
Thematic area: Agriculture Engineering (Promotion of farm implements for Crop Production.)
Problem definition: In Purulia out of total 2.72 lakh ha. under Kharif paddy about 60 % is occupied by upland where even after introduction of HYVs and Hybrids poor crop yield (2.2-2.5 t/ha) is a regular phenomena. Delayed transplanting and sometimes insufficient rainfall for land preparation brought down the overall production of Rice in the District
Technology assessed: Performance of different water depths on plant population and Rice yield at time of transplanting using mechanized transplanter over farmers practice.
Table: Assessment of the depth of water level in the paddy field during transplanting by mechanized transplanter on yield of Kharif rice in bunded medium assured irrigated land of Red laterite tracts of Purulia, West Bengal during Kharif season.
D.O.S:21.07.23 D.O.T.: 13.08.23 D.O.H: 29.11.2023 onwards No. Of Replication: 10, Paddy cv.Gotra Bidhan-1
Technology option | No. of trials | Number of plants/m2
|
Labor (Man days/ha) | Yield
(Q/ha) |
Cost of cultivation
(Rs./ha) |
Gross return (Rs/ha) | Net return
(Rs./ha) |
BC ratio |
Farmers Practice: - Farmers transplant aged seedlings (40-50 days old) in 15cm standing water level | 10 | 14.35 | 45 | 24.47 | 25800 | 39152 | 13352 | 1.51 |
Technology option – I: Using 8 Row Mechanized Rice transplanter in 2.5 cm standing water level | 22.28 | 8 | 31.75 | 20300 | 50800 | 30500 | 2.50 | |
Technology option – II: Using 8 Row Mechanized Rice transplanter in 5 cm standing water level. | 19.1 | 8 | 26.07
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20300 | 41712 | 21412 | 2.05 | |
CD at 5% | 2.07 | 5.52 |
Results: It was revealed that Technology Option-I i.e., Using 8 Row Mechanized Rice transplanter in 2.5 cm standing water level resulted higher yield (31.75 q/ha) over the Farmers Practice (24.47 q/ha) due to reduction of mandays from 45 to 8 mandays per hectare in kharif paddy cultivation.
OFT-6
1. | Title of On farm Trial | Assessment of the angular modification of front shader placed with the motorized paddy thresher for reducing threshing losses & drudgery reduction in Paddy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2. | Problem diagnosed | : In Purulia out of total 2.72 lakh ha. under Kharif paddy about 60 % is occupied by upland where even after introduction of HYVs and Hybrids poor crop yield (2.2-2.5 t/ha) is a regular phenomena. Manual threshing is tedious, time consuming and above all results in too much post-harvest losses which can be in the range of 1-15%.
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3. | Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement | Farmers Practice: - Farmers using motorized paddy thresher for paddy threshing
Technology option – I: Using 120° angular modified front shader with motorized paddy thresher Technology option – II: Using 150° angular modified front shader with motorized paddy thresher |
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4. | Source of Technology | Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5. | Production system and thematic area | Rice– Mustard-Fallow, Agriculture Engineering (Promotion of farm implements for Crop Production.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6. | Performance of the Technology with performance indicators | D.O.H: 10.11.2023 –15.11.2023 No. Of Replication: 10, Paddy (Sahabhagi)
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7. | Final recommendation for micro level situation | The result reveals that Technology option-II i.e. Using 150° angular modified front shader with motorized paddy thresher for threshing Operation reduce threshing losses 2% over the Farmers Practice 13.5% due to reduction of mandays from10 to 4 per hectare during threshing Operation.
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8. | Constraints identified and feedback for research | i) Farmers are unaware about the threshing losses during Post harvest operation
ii) Non availability of Engineering Workshop . |
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9. | Process of farmers participation and their reaction | The farmers were selected through the FSC meeting held at the concerned village. The selected farmers were trained in the respective technology at village level along with other farmers. Initially the farmers were doubtful about the performance of Front shaded Motorized paddy thresher as they never seen it before in the locality. |
Thematic area:Agriculture Engineering (Promotion of farm implements for Crop Production.)
Problem definition: In Purulia out of total 2.72 lakh ha. under Kharif paddy about 60 % is occupied by upland where even after introduction of HYVs and Hybrids poor crop yield (2.2-2.5 t/ha) is a regular phenomena. Manual threshing is tedious, time consuming and above all results in too much post-harvest losses which can be in the range of 1-15%. .
Technology assessed: Performance of the angular modification of front shader placed with the motorized paddy thresher for reducing threshing losses & drudgery reduction in Rice
Technology option | No. of trials | Threshing capacity(Kg/hr) | Threshing losses(%) | Labor requirement for Threshing (Man days/ ha)) | Yield after threshing
(q/ha) |
Cost of cultivation
(Rs./ha) |
Gross return (Rs/ha) | Net return
(Rs./ha) |
Farmers Practice: - Farmers using motorized paddy thresher for paddy threshing
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10 | 58.25 | 13.5% | 10 | 34.47 | 28400 | 52800 | 24400 |
Technology option – I: Using 120° angular modified front shader with motorized paddy thresher | 175.35 | 8.2% | 4 | 35.32 | 27200 | 54101 | 26901
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Technology option – II: Using 150° angular modified front shader with motorized paddy thresher | 176.85 | 2%
(85%) |
4 | 38.42 | 27200 | 60357 | 33157
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CD at 5% | 2.34 |
Results: The result reveals that Technology option-II i.e. Using 150° angular modified front shader with motorized paddy thresher for threshing Operation reduce threshing losses 2% over the Farmers Practice 13.5% due to reduction of mandays from10 to 4 per hectare during threshing Operation.
OFT-7
1 | Title of On Farm Trial | Assessment of application of Ash and Vermicompost to increase the bulb size in Kharif Onion in rainfed upland situation of Purulia district, West Bengal. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | Problem diagnosed | Kharif onion is grown in unbunded upland situation under Rainfed condition in Purulia district to meet domestic requirement as well as for sale in the market. In most cases it is found that bulb size of Kharif onion is very small due to application of least amount of manures. The upland soil is acidic in nature and suffers from inadequate of nutrient availability during the season. Farmers use very less amount of Potash and manures during field preparation which is also one of the main reasons of small sized bulb. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement | Farmers Practice: Application of FYM @ 25 q./ha and Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K40:20:20).
Technology Option –I: Application of FYM @ 25 q./ha + Ash @ 3t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation). Technology Option-II: Application of FYM @ 25 q./ha + Ash @ 3t/ha + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation). |
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4 | Source of Technology | National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation (NHRDF), Nashik, Maharastra. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | Production system and thematic area | Production system: Rainfed upland, unbunded sloppy, vegetable-fallow-fallow
Thematic area: Horticulture (Vegetable Crops) Off-season vegetables. |
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6 | Performance of the Technology with performance indicators | Table: Performance of the Technology with performance indicators:
DOS: 03.05.2023; DOT: 18.06.2023; DOH: 23.08.2023 Replication: 10 Crop: Kharif Onion (Var. Agri-found Dark Red)
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7 | Final recommendation for micro level situation | It is found that Technology Option-II i.e., Application of FYM @ 25 q./ha + Ash @ 3t/ha + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation) resulted higher yield (110.4q/ha) and increased B:C ratio (4.32) over the fermers practice (37.6q/ha) and (3.09)respectively,due to increase in bulb sizeof kharif onion. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | Constraints identified and feedback for research | More training on use of ash and vermicompost along with recommended dose of fertilizers is required for proper growth, resulting increase in bulb size. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | Process of farmers participation and their reaction | The farmers were selected through FSC meeting at the concern villages. The farmers are trained in the respective technology at village level along with other farmers. Cultivation of Kharif onion is practised in Purulia District with minimal use of ash along with vermicompost so the bulb was small in size. After adopting the technology the farmers are very interested as they are getting the bulbs in bigger size. |
Thematic Area: Horticulture (Vegetable Crops) Off-season vegetables.
Problem definition: Kharif onion is grown in unbunded upland situation under Rainfed condition in Purulia district to meet domestic requirement as well as for sale in the market. In most cases it is found that bulb size of Kharif onion is very small due to application of least amount of manures. The upland soil is acidic in nature and suffers from unavailability of nutrient during the season. Farmers use very less amount of Potash and manures during field preparation which is also one of the main reasons of small sized bulb.
Technology assessed: Use of Ash at the rate of 3ton per hectare along with Vermicompost at the rate of 5 ton per hectare with recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation).
Assessment of application of Ash and Vermicompost to increase the bulb size in Kharif Onion in rainfed upland situation of Purulia district, West Bengal.
DOS: 03.05.2023; DOT: 18.06.2023; DOH: 23.08.2023 Replication: 10
Crop: Kharif Onion (Var. Agri-found Dark Red)
Tech. option | No. of Trials | Average bulb weight (gm) | Average bulb length (cm) | Average bulb diameter (cm) | Average Yield (q/ha) | Gross cost (Rs) | Gross Return (Rs.) | Net return (Rs) | B:C ratio |
Farmers Practice: Application of FYM @ 600 q./ha and Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; blanket/general recommendations). | 10 | 42.56 | 3.54 | 4.21 | 37.6 | 27562.00 | 112800.00 | 85238.00 | 3.09 |
Technology Option –I: Farmers Practice + Ash @ 3t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation). | 67.92 | 4.66 | 5.98 | 68.32 | 42512.00 | 204960.00 | 162448 | 3.82 | |
Technology Option-II: Farmers Practice + Ash @ 3t/ha + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation). | 84.32 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 110.4 | 62231.00 | 331200.00 | 268969 | 4.32 | |
CD at 5% | 13.92 | 2.08 | 3.96 |
Result:
It is found that Technology Option-II i.e., Application of FYM @ 25 q./ha + Ash @ 3t/ha + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation) resulted higher yield (110.4 q/ha) and increased B:C ratio (4.32) over the fermers practice (37.6q/ha) and (3.09) respectively, due to increase in bulb size of kharif onion.
OFT-8
1 | Title of On farm Trial | Assessment of the effect of feeding kitchen waste with or without Rice waste over the concentrate mixture on performance of growth of indigenous pigs under extensive system of management under Red & Lateritic Zone of Purulia District, W.B | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | Problem diagnosed | Pig rearing on conventional concentrate feeding in largely non-remunerative. Sources like kitchen waste and rice waste as a nutritional requirement will reduce either cost of feeding as alternative cheap source. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement | Farmers Practice: Growth concentrate mixture (available in the market)
Technology Option I: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by kitchen waste on DM basis and feeding for 4 months. Technology Option II: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by rice waste on DM basis and feeding for 4 months. Technology Option III: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by 50% kitchen waste and 50% rice waste on Dry matter basis and feeding for 4 months. |
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4 | Source of Technology | Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | Production system and thematic area | Production System: Extensive System
Thematic Area: Livestock Production & Management (Feed Management) |
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6 | Performance of the Technology with performance indicators | Date of onset: 10/04/2023; Date of completion: 10/08/2023; Replication: 10, Breed: Non descriptive pig
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7 | Final recommendation for micro level situation | The result of the experiment reveals that, the feeding of kitchen waste in pig by 100% replacement of growth concentrate mixture on Dry Matter basis for 4 months achieved highest body weight by highest daily weight gain, and BC ratio also increased. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | Constraints identified and feedback for research | Lack of knowledge for proper feed formulation by kitchen waste or fermented rice waste as per the replacement of growth concentrate mixture on dry matter basis in case of pig. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | Process of farmers participation and their reaction | The farmers mainly Pig farmers were selected through FSC meeting held at the concerned villages. The selected farmers were trained in the respective technology at village level along with other farmers. The farmers are more interested in Pig farming but production and productivity was less. However, now they are encouraged with the result of the on farm testing. |
Thematic area: Livestock Production & Management (Feed Management)
Problem definition: Conventional concentrate feeding for pig rearing is largely non-remunerative. Feeding of kitchen waste and rice waste as a nutritional requirement reduce either cost of feeding as alternative cheap source and achieve highest body weight gain in case of pig.
Technology assessed:
Farmers Practice: Growth concentrate mixture (available in the market)
Technology Option I: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by kitchen waste on DM basis and feeding for 4
months.
Technology Option II: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by rice waste on DM basis and feeding for 4 months.
Technology Option III: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by 50% kitchen waste and 50% rice waste on Dry matter basis and feeding for 4 months.
Table: Assessment of the effect of feeding kitchen waste with or without Rice waste over the concentrate mixture on performance of growth of indigenous pigs under extensive system of management under Red & Lateritic Zone of Purulia District, W.B.
Date of onset: 10/04/2023; Date of completion: 10/08/2023; Replication: 10, Breed: Non descriptive pig
Technology option | No. of trials | Yield component | Feed conversion ratio | Yield (Body weight gain at 4 months of age (kg)) | Gross Cost
(Rs./unit)
|
Gross return (Rs/unit) | Net return
(Rs./unit) |
BC ratio | ||
Feed consumed (kg/day) | Gain in body weight(gm/day) | Body weight gain at 4 months of age (kg) | ||||||||
FarmersPractice:Growth concentrate mixture (available in the market) | 10 | 0.74 | 142.15 | 21.32 | 1.77 | 21.32 | 3420 | 5330 | 1990 | 1.55 |
Technology Option I: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by kitchen waste on DM basis and feeding for 4 months. | 0.73 | 169.04 | 24.16 | 2.17 | 24.16 | 2300 | 6040 | 3740 | 2.62 | |
Technology Option II: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by rice waste on DM basis and feeding for 4 months. | 0.69 | 136.86 | 20.11 | 1.80 | 20.11 | 2200 | 5027 | 2823 | 2.28 | |
Technology Option III: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by 50% kitchen waste and 50% rice waste on Dry matter basis and feeding for 4 months. | 0.71 | 159.55 | 22.39 | 2.05 | 22.39 | 2300 | 5597 | 3297 | 2.43 | |
CD at 5% | 0.74 |
Results: The result of the experiment reveals that, Technology Option I i.e.feeding of kitchen waste in pig by 100% replacement of growth concentrate mixture on Dry Matter basis for 4 months achieved highest body weight by highest daily weight gain, and BC ratio also increased.
OFT-9
1. | Title of On farm Trial | Title: Assessment of bio-effectiveness of low cost eco-friendly pesticide formulations against diseases of Tasar silk worm in Purulia district of West Bengal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2. | Problem diagnosed | In Purulia district of West Bengal rearing of tasar silk worm dates back to early 20th century and had been a common practice of the rural community especially among the tribal farmers. However, unscientific conventional rearing practice has led to more losses than return which thereby forced farmers to shift to other more profitable farming options leaving tasar cultivation to some very limited pockets of the district. Tasar silkworm rearing is done outdoor, as a result of which optimum cocoon yield is drastically reduced due to several fungal, bacterial and viral diseases of tasar silkworm. Curative measures to keep in check the pest and diseases of silkworm cannot be undertaken and one has to rely on preventive measures to deal with the pest and disease management for which proper knowledge and skill is mandatory. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3. | Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement | Farmers Practice: Farmers are mostly unaware of the diseases of tasar silk worm and do not undertake any management options for management of diseases of tasar silk worm
Technology option – I: Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with TasarKeetOusadh (T.K.O) on silkworm body during transfer of worms Technology option – II: Foliar dusting of branches and below growing bushes with Jeevan Suraksha once in 2nd and 3rd instar+ T.K.O application on body of silkworm during transfer of worms Technology option – III: Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with Jeevan Suraksha during transfer of worm during 4th and 5th instar |
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4. | Source of Technology | Central Tasar Research and Training Institute (CTR & TI) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5. | Production system and thematic area | Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) plantation in unbunded upland as an enteroforestry enterprise, Plant Protection (Integrated Disease Management) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6. | Performance of the Technology with performance indicators | Date of brushing of silkworms: 23.09.2023-25.09.2023 Date of harvest of cocoons : 17.11.2023 onwards No. Of Replication: 10, TasarEcorace: Daba
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7. | Final recommendation for micro level situation | Trial results reveal that all the technology options put into assessment reduced disease infection of tasar silkworms significantly over farmers practice and thereby increased yield of cocoons. Technology option III (Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with TasarKeetOusadh (T.K.O) on silkworm body during transfer of worms) was found to be the best followed by Technology option II and I respectively. These disease management options are inexpensive and can be prepared using botanicals or kitchen items and thus are highly effective and remunerative for tasar cultivation in the district of Purulia. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8. | Constraints identified and feedback for research | i) Farmers are unaware about the diseases and sanitation required to be maintained throughout the crop growing period
ii) Non availability of quality dfl to farmers iii) The role of middleman in purchase of cocoons slash down the prices of raw cocoon by almost 45-50% |
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9. | Process of farmers participation and their reaction | The farmers were selected through the FSC meeting held at the concerned village. The selected farmers were trained in the respective technology at village level along with other farmers. Initially farmers were skeptical regarding requirement of preventive measures prior to disease development in the plantation. However, they were impressed with the results and further wish to adopt these technologies. |
Thematic area: Plant Protection (Integrated Disease Management)
Problem definition:
In Purulia district of West Bengal rearing of tasar silk worm dates back to early 20th century and had been a common practice of the rural community especially among the tribal farmers. However, unscientific conventional rearing practice has led to more losses than return which thereby forced farmers to shift to other more profitable farming options leaving tasar cultivation to some very limited pockets of the district. Tasar silkworm rearing is done outdoor, as a result of which optimum cocoon yield is drastically reduced due to several fungal, bacterial and viral diseases of tasar silkworm. Curative measures to keep in check the pest and diseases of silkworm cannot be undertaken and one has to rely on preventive measures to deal with the pest and disease management for which proper knowledge and skill is mandatory.
Technology assessed:
Farmers Practice: Farmers are mostly unaware of the diseases of tasar silk worm and do not undertake any management options for management of diseases of tasar silk worm
Technology option – I: Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with Jeevan Suraksha during transfer of worm during 4th and 5th instar
Technology option – II: Foliar dusting of branches and below growing bushes with Jeevan Suraksha once in 2nd and 3rd instar+ T.K.O application on body of silkworm during transfer of worms
Technology option – III: Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with TasarKeetOusadh (T.K.O) on silkworm body during transfer of worms
Table: Assessment of bio-effectiveness of low cost eco-friendly pesticide formulations against diseases of Tasar silk worm in Purulia district of West Bengal
Date of brushing of silkworms: 23.09.2023-25.09.2023 Date of harvest of cocoons : 17.11.2023 onwards No. Of Replication: 10, TasarEcorace: Daba
Technology option | No. of trials | Yield of cocoon
(no./ha) |
% infection of silkworms | % reduction in disease | Gross Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha) | Gross return (Rs./ha) | Net return (Rs./ha) | BC ratio |
Farmers Practice: - No disease management intervention | 10 | 20480 | 46.54 | 0 | 35629 | 56086 | 20457 | 1.57 |
Technology option – I: Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with Jeevan Suraksha during transfer of worm during 4th and 5th instar | 32934 | 29.87 | 35.82 | 40349 | 90193 | 49844 | 2.24 | |
Technology option – II: Foliar dusting of branches and below growing bushes with Jeevan Suraksha once in 2nd and 3rd instar+ T.K.O application on body of silkworm during transfer of worms | 35206 | 28.23 | 39.34 | 40932 | 96415 | 55483 | 2.36 | |
Technology option – III: Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with TasarKeetOusadh (T.K.O) on silkworm body during transfer of worms | 39808 | 22.56 | 51.53 | 40198 | 109019 | 68821 | 2.71 | |
CD at 5% | 2.54 |
Results:Trial results reveal that all the technology options put into assessment reduced disease infection of tasar silkworms significantly over farmers practice and thereby increased yield of cocoons. Technology option III (Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with Tasar Keet Ousadh (T.K.O) on silkworm body during transfer of worms) was found to be the best with an yield of 39808 number of cocoons with low infection of silkworms viz., 22.56% and thereby causing a disease reduction by 51.53% over that of existing farmers practice. This Technology option is closely followed by Technology option II (Foliar dusting of branches and below growing bushes with Jeevan Suraksha once in 2nd and 3rd instar+ T.K.O application on body of silkworm during transfer of worms) and Technology option I (Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with Jeevan Suraksha during transfer of worm during 4th and 5th instar) respectively. These disease management options are inexpensive and can be prepared using botanicals or kitchen items and thus are highly effective and remunerative for tasar cultivation. Thus, Technology option III can be recommended and promoted further in areas of tasar cultivation in Purulia.
OFT- 1
1 | Title of On Farm Trial | Assessment of different techniques of nursery raising on the economic viability of vegetable seedlings throughout the year in Red and Lateritic Zone of Purulia District of West Bengal. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | Problem diagnosed | Vegetable seedlings are grown in Purulia district for main season transplanting and also for income generation. In most cases it is found that nursery beds are prepared in open field and therefore seedlings die due to root rot or due to adverse weather climate. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement | Farmers Practice: Seed Bed Preparation in open field with application of FYM.
Technology Option –I: Use of germination tray for nursery raising in open field condition and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit-1 after sowing of seeds at 7 days interval (3 times). Technology Option-II: Use of germination tray for nursery raising inside low-cost poly house and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit-1 after sowing of seeds at 7 days interval (3 times). |
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4 | Source of Technology | Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | Production system and thematic area | Production system: Rainfed upland, vegetable-fallow-fallow
Thematic area: Horticulture Vegetable crops (Nursery Raising). |
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6 | Performance of the Technology with performance indicators | Table: Performance of the Technology with performance indicators:
DOS: Jan- Nov, 2023; DOU: Feb-Dec, 2023; Replication: 10 Cropping Sequence for Nursery Raising: Tomato-Cabbage-Broccoli-Capsicum-Cauliflower-Brinjal-Chilli Unit Size- 100m2
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7 | Final recommendation for micro level situation | The trial reveals that Technology Option-II: Use of germination tray for nursery raising inside low cost poly house and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit-1 after sowing of seeds shows maximum number of healthy seedlings (146730) in comparison to Farmers practice(48796) in 100m2 due to decrease in mortality rate from 24.5% to 4.2% respectively. Thus there is an increase in higher B:C ration of Tecnology Option-II (4.18). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | Constraints identified and feedback for research | More training on use of germination tray for raising vegetable seedlings in Purulia district is required as well as reputed vendors are required to procure good quality of germination tray & low-cost poly house materials. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | Process of farmers participation and their reaction | The farmers were selected through FSC meeting at the concern villages. The farmers are trained in the respective technology at village level along with other farmers. Nursery raising of different vegetable seedlings is common practice in the area with fungal attack resulting to high mortality rate. Now the farmers are very interested to use germination tray inside low-cost poly house to decrease the number of days to germination, fungal attack, mortality and increase number of healthy seedlings. |
Thematic Area: Horticulture Vegetable crops (Nursery Raising).
Problem definition: Nursery raising of vegetable crops in open field condition is very common in Purulia district. In most cases it is found that in open field condition the germination is delayed. Fungal attack is also very common problem resulting to high mortality rate.
Technology assessed: Use of germination tray for nursery raising inside low-cost poly house and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit-1 after sowing of seeds at 7 days interval (3 times).
Table: Assessment of different techniques of nursery raising on the economic viability of vegetable seedlings throughout the year in Red and Lateritic Zone of Purulia District of West Bengal.
DOS: Jan- Nov, 2023; DOU: Feb-Dec, 2023; Replication: 10
Crop: Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Capsicum, Broccoli
Tech. option | No. of Trials | Yield Component | No. of Healthy Seedlings | Average price
(per seedling) |
Gross cost (Rs) | Gross Return (Rs.) | Net return (Rs) | B:C ratio | ||
Days to 50% germination | % of Fungal Attack | Mortality % of Seedling | ||||||||
Farmers Practice: Seed Bed Preparation in open field with application of FYM. | 10 | 7 | 22 | 24.5 | 48796 | 1.5 | 15988.0 | 73194.0 | 60206.0 | 3.77 |
Technology Option –I: Use of germination tray for nursery raising in open field condition and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit-1 after sowing of seeds at 7 days interval (3 times). | 5 | 15 | 17.1 | 97564 | 1.5 | 31560.0 | 146346.0 | 120786.0 | 3.82 | |
Technology Option-II: Use of germination tray for nursery raising inside low-cost poly house and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit-1 after sowing of seeds at 7 days interval (3 times). | 4 | 3 | 4.2 | 146730 | 1.5 | 40112.0 | 220095.0 | 167983.0 | 4.18 | |
CD at 5% | N.S. | 9.72 | 11.31 | 12.04 |
Result:
The trial reveals that Technology Option-II: Use of germination tray for nursery raising inside low-cost poly house and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit-1 after sowing of seeds shows maximum number of healthy seedlings (146730) in comparison to Farmers practice (48796) in 100m2 due to decrease in mortality rate from 24.5% to 4.2% respectively. Thus there is an increase in higher B:C ration of Tecnology Option-II (4.18).