On Farm Trials

OFT-1

1.	Title of On Farm Trial	Standardization of recommended crop management strategies for improving the productivity of Sugarcane in Red laterite tracts of Purulia, West Bengal.
2.	Problem diagnosed	In Purulia Sugarcane is cultivated in about 886 ha., production 38744 MT and Av. productivity is 437 q/ha. Sugarcane is the major crop after Rice in about 12 moujas of Arsha Block in the foothill of Ayodhya Range (lies between 23°20' and23°15' North Latitude and 86°15' and 86°5' East Longitude).In this Patch, Sugarcane is grown as a rainfed crop following in situ soil moisture conservation technique for the last 100 years or more. Here planting of sugarcane usually starts from 15th March and continuous upto 20th April and harvested during Feb to 15th March. From 1975 onwards they are growing Co-527. For the last 15 years they are observing gradual decrease in yield (80-100 t/ha to 40-50t/ha).Increased pest and disease problem that ultimately brought down their profit margin. Low profit leads to shifting to other less remunerative and new crop for the farmer
3.	Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement	Farmers Practice:Farmersplant three budded setts end to end of c.v. Co- 527 without sett treatment in shallow furrows 75 cm apart drenched by Chlorpyriphos and fertilized with IFFCO 10:26:26 @ 225 kg/ha followed by two top dressing with IFFCO 10:26:26@ 225 kg/ha at 45 DAP and @ 112.5 kg/ha at 90 DAP respectively. Hand weeding 7-8 timed at 15-20 days interval. Technology option – I: Planting three budded setts end to end of c.v. Co- 0238treated with Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 2gm per lit of water, in shallow furrows 1 m  apart drenched by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 S.L @ 180 ml in 300lit.of water per acre and fertilized with only Phosphate @ 100 kg./ha followed by top dressing at 30,60 & 90 DAP with Nitrogen and Potash @ 50 kg and 33 kg/ha every time +Pre emergence (2-3 days of planting) application of Atrazin 50% @ 0.85 kg in 160 litres of water per acre + Two post emergence (30 DAP & 60 DAP) application of Metribuzin 300 gm + 2, 4 D Amine 1.5 litre in 200 litre of water per acre +  application of Forate 10G @ 10 kg per acre at 60 DAP . Technology option – II: Planting Settlings raised from sugarcane buds in Nursery of c.v. Co- 0238 with same package of practices as Technology Option I
4.	Source of Technology	ICAR- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore
5.	Production system and thematic area	Production System:Sugarcane – Fallow Thematic Area:Crop Production (Integrated Crop Management)
6.	Performance of the Technology with performance indicators	Tech. option No. of trials Yield component Cane yield (t/ha) Gross Cost (Rs./ha) Gross return (Rs/ha) Net return (Rs/ha) BC ratio Millable cane (,000/ha) Cane diameter (cm) Cane height (cm) Farmers Practice   - Farmers plant three budded setts end to end of c.v. Co- 527 without sett treatment in shallow furrows 75 cm apart drenched by Chlorpyriphos and fertilized with IFFCO 10:26:26 @ 225 kg./ha followed by two top dressing with IFFCO 10:26:26@ 225 kg./ha at 45 DAP and @ 112.5 kg./ha at 90 DAP respectively. Hand weeding 7-8 timed at 15-20 days interval. 10 29.20 1.51 168 42.25 1,29,000 1,69,000 40,000 1.31 Technology option – I : Planting three budded setts end to end of c.v. Co- 0238 treated with Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 2gm per lit of water, in shallow furrows 1 m  apart drenched by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 S.L @ 180 ml in 300lit.of water per acre and fertilized with only Phosphate @ 100 kg./ha followed by top dressing at 30,60 & 90 DAP with Nitrogen and Potash @ 50 kg and 33 kg/ha every time +Pre emergence (2-3 days of planting) application of Atrazin 50% @ 0.85 kg in 160 litres of water per acre + Two post emergence (30 DAP & 60 DAP) application of Metribuzin 300 gm + 2, 4 D Amine 1.5 litre in 200 litre of water per acre +  application of Forate 10G @ 10 kg per acre at 60 DAP . 44.35 2.02 192 62.32 1,46,000 2,49,280 1,03,280 1.70 Technology option – II : Planting Settlings raised from sugarcane buds in Nursery of c.v. Co- 0238 with same package of practices as Technology Option I 53.55 2.12 205 70.45 1,56,500 2,81,800 1,25,300 1.80 CD at 5%   8.33 NS 5.35 6.12
7.	Final recommendation for micro level situation	Planting Settlings raised from sugarcane buds in Nursery of c.v. Co- 0238 inplace of Sugarcane setts with other recommended package of practices (treated with Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 2gm per lit of water, in shallow furrows 1 m  apart drenched by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 S.L @ 180 ml in 300lit.of water per acre and fertilized with only Phosphate @ 100 kg./ha followed by top dressing at 30, 60 & 90 DAP with Nitrogen and Potash @ 50 kg and 33 kg/ha every time +Pre emergence (2-3 days of planting) application of Atrazin 50% @ 0.85 kg in 160 litres of water per acre + Two post emergence (30 DAP & 60 DAP) application of Metribuzin 300 gm + 2, 4 D Amine 1.5 litre in 200 litre of water per acre +  application of Forate 10G @ 10 kg per acre at 60 DAP.) significantly increased different yield attributes compared to farmers practice. The highest number of millable canes (53,550/ha), maximum caneheight (205 cm), cane diameter (2.12 cm) were recorded in Technology option -II and that resulted in the highest cane yield(70.45 t/ha) and highest economical benefit.
8.	Constraints identified and feedback for research	i)     Farmers are unaware about the methodology and efficacy of Planting Settlings raised from sugarcane buds in Nursery of c.v. Co- 0238 inplace of Sugarcane setts ii)   Non availability of varity Co-0238. iii) Farmers are unaware about the recommended package of practices.
9.	Process of farmers participation and their reaction	10 nos. of innovative farmers were selected and trained before initiation of the OFT at farm level, they were involved in the process of conducting OFTs data collection & other information related with the trial. Other farmers who did not participated in OFT but observed it keenly.

 

Thematic area: Crop Production (Integrated Crop Management)

Problem definition:

In Purulia Sugarcane is cultivated in about 886 ha., production 38744 MT and Av. productivity is 437 q/ha. Sugarcane is the major crop after Rice in about 12 moujas of Arsha Block in the foothill of Ayodhya Range (lies between 23°20' and23°15' North Latitude and 86°15' and 86°5' East Longitude).In this Patch, Sugarcane is grown as a rainfed crop following in situ soil moisture conservation technique for the last 100 years or more. Here planting of sugarcane usually starts from 15th March and continuous upto 20th April and harvested during Feb to 15th March. From 1975 onwards they are growing Co-527. For the last 15 years they are observing gradual decrease in yield (80-100 t/ha to 40-50t/ha).Increased pest and disease problem that ultimately brought down their profit margin. Low profit leads to shifting to other less remunerative and new crop for the farmer

 

Technology assessed:

Farmers Practice: Farmers plant three budded setts end to end of c.v. Co- 527 without sett treatment in shallow furrows 75 cm apart drenched by Chlorpyriphos and fertilized with IFFCO 10:26:26 @ 225 kg/ha followed by two top dressing with IFFCO 10:26:26@ 225 kg/ha at 45 DAP and @ 112.5 kg/ha at 90 DAP respectively. Hand weeding 7-8 timed at 15-20 days interval.

Technology option – I: Planting three budded setts end to end of c.v. Co- 0238treated with Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 2gm per lit of water, in shallow furrows 1 m  apart drenched by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 S.L @ 180 ml in 300lit.of water per acre and fertilized with only Phosphate @ 100 kg./ha followed by top dressing at 30,60 & 90 DAP with Nitrogen and Potash @ 50 kg and 33 kg/ha every time +Pre emergence (2-3 days of planting) application of Atrazin 50% @ 0.85 kg in 160 litres of water per acre + Two post emergence (30 DAP & 60 DAP) application of Metribuzin 300 gm + 2, 4 D Amine 1.5 litre in 200 litre of water per acre +  application of Forate 10G @ 10 kg per acre at 60 DAP .

Technology option – II: Planting Settlings raised from sugarcane buds in Nursery of c.v. Co- 0238 with same package of practices as Technology Option I

 

 

Table: Assessment of different recommended crop management strategies for improving the productivity of Sugarcane in Red laterite tracts of Purulia, West Bengal.

D.O.S: 06.04.2021                      D.O.H: 10.02.2022                                                      No. of Replication: 10, cv. Co-0238

Tech. option	No. of trials	Yield component			Cane yield (t/ha)	Gross Cost (Rs/ha)	Gross return (Rs/ha)	Net return (Rs/ha)	BC ratio
		Millable cane (,000/ha)	Cane diameter (cm)	Cane height (cm)
Farmers Practice   - Farmers plant three budded setts end to end of c.v. Co- 527 without sett treatment in shallow furrows 75 cm apart drenched by Chlorpyriphos and fertilized with IFFCO 10:26:26 @ 225 kg./ha followed by two top dressing with IFFCO 10:26:26@ 225 kg./ha at 45 DAP and @ 112.5 kg./ha at 90 DAP respectively. Hand weeding 7-8 timed at 15-20 days interval.	10	29.20	1.51	168	42.25	1,29,000	1,69,000	40,000	1.31
Technology option – I : Planting three budded setts end to end of c.v. Co- 0238treated with Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 2gm per lit of water, in shallow furrows 1 m  apart drenched by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 S.L @ 180 ml in 300lit.of water per acre and fertilized with only Phosphate @ 100 kg./ha followed by top dressing at 30,60 & 90 DAP with Nitrogen and Potash @ 50 kg and 33 kg/ha every time +Pre emergence (2-3 days of planting) application of Atrazin 50% @ 0.85 kg in 160 litres of water per acre + Two post emergence (30 DAP & 60 DAP) application of Metribuzin 300 gm + 2, 4 D Amine 1.5 litre in 200 litre of water per acre +  application of Forate 10G @ 10 kg per acre at 60 DAP .		44.35	2.02	192	62.32	1,46,000	2,49,280	1,03,280	1.70
Technology option – II : Planting Settlings raised from sugarcane buds in Nursery of c.v. Co- 0238 with same package of practices as Technology Option I		53.55	2.12	205	70.45	1,56,500	2,81,800	1,25,300	1.80
CD at 5%		8.33	NS	5.35	6.12

Results: Both recommended crop management options gave significantly higher yield over Farmers practice. Among them, Planting Settlings raised from sugarcane buds in Nursery of c.v. Co- 0238 inplace of Sugarcane setts with other recommended package of practices (treated with Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 2gm per lit of water, in shallow furrows 1 m  apart drenched by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 S.L @ 180 ml in 300lit.of water per acre and fertilized with only Phosphate @ 100 kg./ha followed by top dressing at 30,60 & 90 DAP with Nitrogen and Potash @ 50 kg and 33 kg/ha every time +Pre emergence (2-3 days of planting) application of Atrazin 50% @ 0.85 kg in 160 litres of water per acre + Two post emergence (30 DAP & 60 DAP) application of Metribuzin 300 gm + 2, 4 D Amine 1.5 litre in 200 litre of water per acre +  application of Forate 10G @ 10 kg per acre at 60 DAP.) significantly increased different yield attributes compared to other two options while giving the highest number of millable canes (53,550/ha), maximum caneheight (205 cm), cane diameter (2.12 cm) were recorded in Technology option -II and that resulted in the highest cane yield(70.45 t/ha) and highest economical benefit.

 

 

OFT-1

1.	Title of On Farm Trial	Assessment of the effect of common salt spray on seed quality and yield of Rice during Kharif season under rainfed bunded upland situation of Red & Lateritic Zone of Purulia District.
2.	Problem diagnosed	Importance of good quality seed has been very important for well recognized successful production of any crop especially in Rice. Rice being an important cereal crop of dry region, Pre and post-harvest technologies are imperative to avoid yield losses coupled with quality of seeds in crops, which accounts for a major share of the harvested produce. Technologies to reduce such losses with particular reference to rice are reviewed in this OFT. The technology i.e. spraying common salt (20%) is a simple traditional indigenous method. Therefore, the present investigation to be carried out to know the effect of common salt spray on seed germination and yield in rice.
3.	Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement	Farmers Practice: Farmers grow Rice by without spraying of common salt solution as pre-harvest chemical desiccation. Technology Option-I: Spray of common salt solution of 20% concentrations on 25th day of 50% flowering as pre-harvest chemical desiccation. Technology Option-II: Spray of normal water on 25th day of 50% flowering Technology as pre-harvest chemical desiccation
4.	Source of Technology	1. Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, India. 2. Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology in Nanjing Agricultural University (Nanjing, China).
5.	Production system and thematic area	Rice based production system (Rice-Fallow-Fallow)
6.	Performance of the Technology with performance indicators	D.O.S: 02-05 July, 2022  D.O.H: 15-21.11.2022   No. of Replication:10  Crop: Paddy cv. Lalat Tech. Option No. of Trials Yield (q/ha) Germination (%) Field emergence (%), No. of effective tillers/hill No. of spikelet per panicle Test wt. (100 grain wt.) Gross cost (Rs./ha) Gross Return (Rs./ha) Net return (Rs./ha) B:C Farmers Practice: Farmers grow Rice by without spraying of common salt solution as pre-harvest chemical desiccation. 10 40.26 88.27 77.37 12.67 88 20.4 23700 36200 12500 1.52 Technology Option-I: Spray of common salt solution of 20% concentrations on 25th day of 50% flowering as pre-harvest chemical desiccation. 44.76 86.17 83.12 19.74 137 23.2 25800 43800 18000 1.69 Technology Option-II: Spray of normal water on 25th day of 50% flowering Technology as pre-harvest chemical desiccation 42.12 82.57 80.16 17.39 116 22.3 24750 39900 15150 1.61 CD at 5%   1.57
7.	Final recommendation for micro level situation	From the avove study it can be concluded that Technology Option-I i.e. Spray of common salt solution of 20% concentrations on 25th day of 50% flowering as pre-harvest chemical desiccation give significantly 21.19% mone yield and more B:C ration over the Farmers Practice.
8.	Constraints identified and feedback for research	There is a need to create the data base on effect effect of common salt spray on seed quality and yield of different crops. Need to prepare a policy draft for consideration of planners for its promotion at large scale.
9.	Process of farmers participation and their reaction	PRA for problem identification and matching it with technologies available from different resource centers. Then finalize the treatments in consultation with farmers and researchers for planning the OFT. The programme was implemented through regular field visits by the KVK scientists, Interaction with the contact farmers and group discussion with the villagers. Feedback was collected from the direct response of the participating farmers/ farm women, indirect response of the villagers and discussion with village level leaders and govt. agencies. To promote adoption of new enterprises and to take higher economic return from different enterprises farmers should develop their banking aptitudes and habits to take full advantage of credit facilities extended by the banks and should be treated as important as their own programmes. Timely supply of inputs, strengthening the extension infrastructure and marketing facilities also need attention.

 

Thematic area: Crop Production (Seed Production)

Problem definition:Seed drying is a vital operation in the chain of seed handling which permits the early harvest, long-term storage, and high-quality production of seed. Harvesting seed with low moisture content (MC) has the dual benefits of saving costs and improving seed quality. When seed has a high MC, it may be damaged by too rapid drying, causing bursting or “case-hardening”, in which the surface of the seed dries out rapidly, sealing moisture within the inner layers (K'Opondo, 2011). To solve these issues, leaving seed to dry in fields is a traditional and economical method for farmers. Nevertheless, pre-harvest chemical desiccation provides some significant advantages. Chemical applications may advance the harvest date, eliminate seed losses, and improve quality without affecting germination (Shafer and Furrer, 1955).

Technology assessed:The present investigation to be carried to assess of the effect of common salt spray on seed quality and yield of Rice during Kharif season under rainfed bunded upland situation of Red & Lateritic Zone of Purulia District.

Table: Assessment of the effect of common salt spray on seed quality and yield of Rice during Kharif season under rainfed bunded upland situation of Red & Lateritic Zone of Purulia District.

D.O.S: 02-05 July, 2022                        D.O.H: 15-21.11.2022                           No. of Replication:10                                                  Crop: Paddy cv. Lalat

Tech. Option	No. of Trials	Yield (q/ha)	Germination (%)	Field emergence (%)	No. of effective tillers/hill	No. of spikelet per panicle	Test wt. (100 grain wt.)	Gross cost (Rs./ha)	Gross Return (Rs./ha)	Net return (Rs./ha)	B:C
Farmers Practice: Farmers grow Rice by without spraying of common salt solution as pre-harvest chemical desiccation.	10	40.26	88.27	77.37	12.67	88	20.4	23700	36200	12500	1.52
Technology Option-I: Spray of common salt solution of 20% concentrations on 25th day of 50% flowering as pre-harvest chemical desiccation.		44.76	86.17	83.12	19.74	137	23.2	25800	43800	18000	1.69
Technology Option-II: Spray of normal water on 25th day of 50% flowering Technology as pre-harvest chemical desiccation		42.12	82.57	80.16	17.39	116	22.3	24750	39900	15150	1.61
CD at 5%		1.57

Results: From the above study it can be concluded that Technology Option-I i.e. Spray of common salt solution of 20% concentrations on 25th day of 50% flowering as pre-harvest chemical desiccation give significantly 11.17% more yield and more B:C ration over the Farmers Practice.

 

 

 

OFT-2

1.	Title of On Farm Trial	Performance evaluation of improved high yielding varieties of Blackgram during Kharif season under rainfed unbunded upland situation of Red & Lateritic Zone of Purulia District.
2.	Problem diagnosed	Blackgram is widely cultivated in the kharif season at the unbunded uplands of Purulia districts with area of 2244 ha, with a productivity of 595 kg/ha. Low production potentiality of local cultivars with lots of impurities.
3.	Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement	Farmers’ practice :Sowing of traditional variety of Black gram by broadcasting of seeds with a depth of sowing 5-10 cm with a seed rate of 20-25 kg/ha. Technology option I: PU-31 Technology option II :Goutam Technology option III: Sarada
4.	Source of Technology	1. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 08 (2018). 2. Indian Journal of Extension Education, (2019), 55(4):71-76.
5.	Production system and thematic area	Production System: Black gram based production system (Black gram-Fallow-Fallow) Thematic Area: Crop Production (Seed Production)
6.	Performance of the Technology with performance indicators	D.O.S: 20-29.06.2022  D.O.H: 10-18 Sept. 2022; No. of Replication:10  Crop: Blackgram cv. PU-31, Goutam,Sarada Technology option No. of trials Plant Height (cm) No. of primary branches/ plant Pod/ plant Seed/ Pod 1000 seed weight (g) Seed yield (q/ha) Cost of cultivation (Rs) Gross return (Rs) Net Return (Rs) B:C ratio Farmers’ practice : sowing of Black gram (traditional variety)by broadcasting of seeds with a depth of sowing 5-10 cm with a seed rate of 20-25 kg/ha. 10 19.2 4.6 19.2 6.1 19.9 6.10 30400 33050 2650 1.08 Technology option I: PU-31 24.7 7.3 38.2 6.8 29.2 12.5 30400 66100 35400 2.17 Technology option II : Goutam 30.2 6.7 34.3 6.2 27.6 11.6 30400 62600 32200 2.05 Technology option III: Sarada 27.4 5.3 25.4 5.1 21.0 10.1 30400 55350 24950 1.82 CD at 5% N.S. 2.031 1.021 1.976 N.S. 1.250
7.	Final recommendation for micro level situation	From the result it is clear that the Technology option- I i.e. use of variety PU-31 exhibited higher yield 12.4 q/ha due to more number of primary brances/plant, numbers of Pod/plant, number of seeds/ pod as well as 1000 seed weight resulting more return and increased B:C ratio.
8.	Constraints identified and feedback for research	Less-availability of PU-31 in the market and problem in storage.
9.	Process of farmers participation and their reaction	Active participation of farmer from planning to execution. Encouraging response from the farmer end as they gotbetter price due to high yield and better colour and texture of the product.

Thematic area: Crop Production (Seed Production)

Problem definition: There are several factors for low production and productivity of Blackgram crop in the district of Purulia. However, lower seed replacement with improved varieties is crucial one. The lower seed replacement rate with improved varieties is due to their inadequate availability in spite of development of numerous location specific varieties with 20-25 per cent yield superiority over the local cultivars with additional trait of resistance against insect-pests and diseases (Singh et al., 2019).

Technology assessed:

Farmers’ practice : Sowing of traditional variety of Black gram by broadcasting of seeds with a depth of sowing 5-10 cm with a seed rate of 20-25 kg/ha.

Technology option I: PU-31

Technology option II : Goutam

Technology option III: Sarada

D.O.S: 20-29.06. 2022                     D.O.H: 10-18 Sept, 2022                No. of Replication:10                      Crop: Blackgram cv. PU-31,Goutam,Sarada

Technology option	No. of trials	Plant Height (cm)	No. of primary branches/ plant	Pod/ plant	Seed/ Pod	1000 seed weight (g)	Seed yield (q/ha)	Cost of cultivation (Rs)	Gross return (Rs)	Net Return (Rs)	B:C ratio
Farmers’ practice: sowing of Black gram (traditional variety)by broadcasting of seeds with a depth of sowing 5-10 cm with a seed rate of 20-25 kg/ha.	10	19.2	4.6	19.2	6.1	19.9	6.10	30400	33050	2650	1.08
Technology option I: PU-31		24.7	7.3	38.2	6.8	29.2	12.5	30400	66100	35400	2.17
Technology option II: Goutam		30.2	6.7	34.3	6.2	27.6	11.6	30400	62600	32200	2.05
Technology option III: Sarada		27.4	5.3	25.4	5.1	21.0	10.1	30400	55350	24950	1.82
CD at 5%		N.S.	2.031	1.021	1.976	N.S.	1.250

Results:

From the result it is clear that the Technology option-I i.e., use of variety PU-31 exhibited higher yield 12.5 q/ha due to more number of primary brances/plant, numbers of Pod/plant, number of seeds/ pod as well as 1000 seed weight resulting more return and increased B:C ratio.

 

 

 

OFT-3

1	Title of On Farm Trial	Assessment of application of Ash and Vermicompost to increase the bulb size in Kharif Onion in rainfed upland situation of Purulia district, West Bengal.
2	Problem diagnosed	Kharif onion is grown in unbunded upland situation under Rainfed condition in Purulia district to meet domestic requirement as well as for sale in the market. In most cases it is found that bulb size of Kharif onion is very small due to application of least amount of manures. The upland soil is acidic in nature and suffers from inadequate of nutrient availability during the season. Farmers use very less amount of Potash and manures during field preparation which is also one of the main reasons of small sized bulb.
3	Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement	Farmers Practice: Application of FYM @ 25 q./ha and Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K40:20:20). Technology Option –I: Application of FYM @ 25 q./ha + Ash @ 3t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation). Technology Option-II: Application of FYM @ 25 q./ha + Ash @ 3t/ha + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation).
4	Source of Technology	National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation (NHRDF), Nashik, Maharastra.
5	Production system and thematic area	Production system: Rainfed upland, unbunded sloppy, vegetable-fallow-fallow Thematic area: Horticulture (Vegetable Crops) Off-season vegetables.
6	Performance of the Technology with performance indicators	Table: Performance of the Technology with performance indicators: DOS: 03.05.2022; DOT: 18.06.2022; DOH: 23.08.2022Replication: 10 Crop: Kharif Onion (Var. Agri-found Dark Red) Tech. option No. of Trials Average bulb weight (gm) Average bulb length (cm) Average bulb diameter (cm) Average Yield (q/ha) Gross cost (Rs) Gross Return (Rs.) Net return (Rs) B:C ratio Farmers Practice: Application of FYM @ 25 q./ha and Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K 40:20:20). 10 42.56 3.54 4.21 37.6 27562.00 112800.00 85238.00 3.09 Technology Option –I: Application of FYM @ 25 q./ha + Ash @ 3t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50 kg/ha during final land preparation). 67.92 4.66 5.98 68.32 42512.00 204960.00 162448 3.82 Technology Option-II: Application of FYM @ 25 q./ha + Ash @ 3t/ha + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation). 84.32 6.8 7.2 110.4 62231.00 331200.00 268969 4.32 CD at 5%   13.92 2.08 3.96
7	Final recommendation for micro level situation	It is found that Technology Option-II i.e., Application of FYM @ 25 q./ha + Ash @ 3t/ha + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation) resulted higher yield (110.4q/ha) and increased B:C ratio (4.32) over the fermers practice (37.6q/ha) and (3.09)respectively,due to increase in bulb sizeof kharif onion.
8	Constraints identified and feedback for research	More training on use of ash and vermicompost along with recommended dose of fertilizers is required for proper growth, resulting increase in bulb size.
9	Process of farmers participation and their reaction	The farmers were selected through FSC meeting at the concern villages. The farmers are trained in the respective technology at village level along with other farmers. Cultivation of Kharif onion is practised in Purulia District with minimal use of ash along with vermicompost so the bulb was small in size. After adopting the technology the farmers are very interested as they are getting the bulbs in bigger size.

Thematic Area: Horticulture (Vegetable Crops) Off-season vegetables.

Problem definition: Kharif onion is grown in unbunded upland situation under Rainfed condition in Purulia district to meet domestic requirement as well as for sale in the market. In most cases it is found that bulb size of Kharif onion is very small due to application of least amount of manures. The upland soil is acidic in nature and suffers from unavailability of nutrient during the season. Farmers use very less amount of Potash and manures during field preparation which is also one of the main reasons of small sized bulb.

Technology assessed: Use of Ash at the rate of 3ton per hectare along with Vermicompost at the rate of 5 ton per hectare with recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation).

 

Assessment of application of Ash and Vermicompost to increase the bulb size in Kharif Onion in rainfed upland situation of Purulia district, West Bengal.

DOS: 03.05.2022; DOT: 18.06.2022; DOH: 23.08.2022 Replication: 10

Crop: Kharif Onion (Var. Agri-found Dark Red)

Tech. option	No. of Trials	Average bulb weight (gm)	Average bulb length (cm)	Average bulb diameter (cm)	Average Yield (q/ha)	Gross cost (Rs)	Gross Return (Rs.)	Net return (Rs)	B:C ratio
Farmers Practice: Application of FYM @ 600 q./ha and Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; blanket/general recommendations).	10	42.56	3.54	4.21	37.6	27562.00	112800.00	85238.00	3.09
Technology Option –I: Farmers Practice + Ash @ 3t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation).		67.92	4.66	5.98	68.32	42512.00	204960.00	162448	3.82
Technology Option-II: Farmers Practice + Ash @ 3t/ha + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation).		84.32	6.8	7.2	110.4	62231.00	331200.00	268969	4.32
CD at 5%		13.92	2.08	3.96

Result:

It is found that Technology Option-II i.e., Application of FYM @ 25 q./ha + Ash @ 3t/ha + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 100:50:50kg/ha during final land preparation) resulted higher yield (110.4 q/ha) and increased B:C ratio (4.32) over the fermers practice (37.6q/ha) and (3.09) respectively, due to increase in bulb size of kharif onion.

 

OFT-4

1.	Title of On Farm Trial	Assessment of the effect of soil test-based fertilizer recommendations for Kharif Black gram under red and lateritic soils of Purulia District of west Bengal.
2.	Problem diagnosed	Total area and productivity of Kharif Blackgram in Purulia District is 1512ha and the average yield is 5.6 q/ha and the crop is grown in the unbunded uplands during kharif season. Among the various constraints for low productivity of kharif Blackgram, less and imbalance use of fertilizers is one of the main reason related with lower productivity of Blackgram. Farmers of this district apply only the ash and they are not following neither blanket recommendations given by the State Agriculture Department nor as per the recommendations done by Soil testing of a particular plot.
3.	Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement	Farmers Practice: Application of Ash @ 10 q./ha without any chemical fertilizer Tech. Option – I: Farmers Practice + FYM/Compost @ 4t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 12.5:25:12.5blanket/general recommendations) Tech. Option – II: Farmers Practice + FYM/Compost @ 4t/ha + Soil test based fertilizer recommendations (N:P:K, 15.6:31.25:15.6)
4.	Source of Technology	International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology (2016), 9(5): 801-806.
5.	Production system and thematic area	Blackgram based production system (Blackgram – Fallow – Fallow). Soil Health & Fertility Management (INM)
6.	Performance of the Technology with performance indicators	Soil Analysis: Sl. No. Nitrogen (kg/ha) Phosphorus (kg/ha) Potash (kg/ha) Before After Before After Before After Farmers Practice: Application of Ash @ 10 q./ha without any chemical fertilizer 124 118 7.6 7.3 145 148 Tech. Option – I: Farmers Practice + FYM/Compost @ 4t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 12.5:25:12.5 blanket/general recommendations) 124 135 7.6 8.7 145 172 Tech. Option – II: Farmers Practice + FYM/Compost @ 4t/ha + Soil test based fertilizer recommendations (N:P:K, 15.6:31.25:15.6) 124 141 7.6 9.1 145 181 Table: Assessment of the effect of soil test-based fertilizer recommendations for Kharif Black gram under red and lateritic soils of Purulia District of west Bengal. D.O.S: 02-05 July, 2022 D.O.H: 06-10 Oct.2022 No. of Replication:10 Blackgram cv. PU-31 Tech. Option No. of Trials Yield (q/ha) WHC (%) Before WHC (%) after OM (%) Before OM (%) after Gross cost (Rs./ha) Gross Return (Rs./ha) Net return (Rs./ha) B:C Farmers Practice: Application of Ash @ 10 q./ha without any chemical fertilizer 10 5.95 7-10 9-11 0.21 0.26 18920 38675 11270 2.04 Tech. Option – I :Farmers Practice + FYM/Compost @ 4t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 12.5:25:12.5 blanket/general recommendations) 8.24 7-10 10-13 0.21 0.23 22580 53560 19080 2.37 Tech. Option – II : Farmers Practice + FYM/Compost @ 4t/ha + Soil test based fertilizer recommendations (N:P:K, 15.6:31.25:15.6) 9.35 7-10 11-15 0.21 0.24 23750 60775 25625 2.55 CD at 5%   1.60
7.	Final recommendation for micro level situation	Results revealed that tech. option II i.e.,Application of Ash @ 10 q./ha without any chemical fertilizer along with FYM/Compost @ 4t/ha + Soil test based fertilizer recommendations (N:P:K, 15.6:31.25:15.6) performed better result by increasing yield 9.35 q/ha over the farmers practice (5.95 q/ha) improved in available nutrients, enhanced soil organic matter and soil microbial activities. It is also recommended that integration of organic manure, inorganic fertilizers along with bio-fertilizer should performed better and adopted by farmers to sustain yield of black gram and soil health.
8.	Constraints identified and feedback for research	Lack of knowledge about crop based fertilizer recommendations, soil health status.
9.	Process of farmers participation and their reaction	PRA for problem identification and matching it with technologies available from different resource centers. Then finalize the treatments in consultation with farmers and researchers for planning the OFT. The programme was implemented through regular field visits by the KVK scientists, Interaction with the contact farmers and group discussion with the villagers. Feedback was collected from the direct response of the participating farmers/ farm women, indirect response of the villagers and discussion with village level leaders and govt. agencies. To promote adoption of new enterprises and to take higher economic return from different enterprises farmers should develop their banking aptitudes and habits to take full advantage of credit facilities extended by the banks and should be treated as important as their own programmes. Timely supply of inputs, strengthening the extension infrastructure and marketing facilities also need attention.

Thematic area: Soil Health & Fertility Management (INM)

Problem definition: Total area and productivity of Kharif Blackgram in Purulia District is 1512 ha and the average yield is 5.6 q/ha and the crop is grown in the unbunded uplands during kharif season. Among the various constraints for low productivity of kharif Blackgram, less and imbalance use of fertilizers is one of the main reason related with lower productivity of Blackgram. Farmers of this district apply only the ash and they are not following neither blanket recommendations given by the State Agriculture Department nor as per the recommendations done by Soil testing of a particular plot.

Technology assessed: The effect of soil test based fertilizer recommendations on soil health and yield of Blackgram.

Table: Assessment of the effect of soil test based fertilizer recommendations for Kharif Black gram under red and lateritic soils of Purulia District of west Bengal.

D.O.S: 02-05 July, 2022D.O.H: 06-10 Oct.2022  No. of Replication:10  Blackgram cv. PU-31

Tech. Option	No. of Trials	Yield (q/ha)	WHC (%) Before	WHC (%) after	OM (%) Before	OM (%) after	Gross cost (Rs./ha)	Gross Return (Rs./ha)	Net return (Rs./ha)	B:C
Farmers Practice: Application of Ash @ 10 q./ha without any chemical fertilizer	10	5.95	7-10	9-11	0.21	0.26	18920	38675	11270	2.04
Tech. Option – I :Farmers Practice + FYM/Compost @ 4t/ha + Inorganic Fertilizers (N:P:K; 12.5:25:12.5 blanket/general recommendations)		8.24	7-10	10-13	0.21	0.23	22580	53560	19080	2.37
Tech. Option – II : Farmers Practice + FYM/Compost @ 4t/ha + Soil test based fertilizer recommendations (N:P:K, 15.6:31.25:15.6)		9.35	7-10	11-15	0.21	0.24	23750	60775	25625	2.55
CD at 5%		1.60

Results: Results revealed that tech. option II i.e.,Application of Ash @ 10 q./ha without any chemical fertilizer along with FYM/Compost @ 4t/ha + Soil test based fertilizer recommendations (N:P:K, 15.6:31.25:15.6) performed better result by increasing yield 9.35 q/ha over the farmers practice (5.95 q/ha) improved in available nutrients, enhanced soil organic matter and soil microbial activities. It is also recommended that integration of organic manure, inorganic fertilizers along with bio-fertilizer should performed better and adopted by farmers to sustain yield of black gram and soil health.

 

 

 

OFT-5

1.	Title of On farm Trial	Assessment of soil application of boron on yield of kharif paddy under red and lateritic soils of Purulia District of West Bengal.
2.	Problem diagnosed	Paddy cultivation of this district is the primary crop during Kharif season. 77% of the net-cropped area is under Aman paddy cultivation. Out of the total agricultural holding about 73 % belongs to small and marginal farmers. The crops are grown mostly under rainfed condition, generally with low fertilizer and without micronutrient consumption and the available boron status in soil is <0.5 mg/kg. Thus per hectare production is also low as compared to other district of West Bengal.
3.	Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement	Farmers Practice: Application of FYM @ 2.5 t/ha + apply 40:30:30 Kg/ha N:P:K as basal followed by 20 Kg N/ha as top dressing at 30-35 DAT. Tech. Option – I :Farmers Practice + Borax @ 10kg/ha (Soil application during final land preparation) Tech. Option – II :Farmers Practice + Borax @ 5kg/ha (Soil application during final land preparation)
4	Source of Technology	International Journal of Chemical Studies. 5(5): 972-975.
5.	Production system and thematic area	Kharif Paddy based production system (Kharif Paddy – Fallow – Fallow). Soil Health & Fertility Management (INM)
6.	Performance of the Technology with performance indicators	Soil Analysis: Sl. No. pH EC (dSm-1) Nitrogen (kg/ha) Phosphorus (kg/ha) Potash (kg/ha) Boron (mg kg-1 ) Before After Before After Before After Before After Before After Before After Farmers Practice: Application of FYM @ 2.5 t/ha + apply 40:30:30 Kg/ha N:P:K as basal followed by 20 Kg N/ha as top dressing at 30-35 DAT. 6.52   6.48   0.14   0.13   166   169   11.8   11.1   171   165.3   0.41 0.38   Tech. Option – I :Farmers Practice + Borax @ 10kg/ha (Soil application during final land preparation) 6.52 6.50 0.14 0.16 166 164 11.8 11.5 171 152.8 0.41 0.53 Tech. Option – II :Farmers Practice + Borax @ 5kg/ha (Soil application during final land preparation) 6.52 6.53 0.14 0.15 166 161 11.8 11.7 171 160.3 0.41 0.51   1. Table: Assessment of soil application of boron on yield of kharif paddy under red and lateritic soils of Purulia District of West Bengal. D.O.S:20-25/07/2022 D.O.H: 25-30/11/2022 No. of Replication: 10   Paddy: cv. G.B.-1 Tech. Option No. of Trials Yield (q/ha) No. of effective tillers/hill No. of spikelet per panicle Test wt. (100 grain wt.) Gross cost (Rs./ha) Gross Return (Rs./ha) Net return (Rs./ha) B:C Farmers Practice: Application of FYM @ 2.5 t/ha + apply 40:30:30 Kg/ha N:P:K as basal followed by 20 Kg N/ha as top dressing at 30-35 DAT. 10 28.72 18.18 123 20.6 28800 45952 17152 1.59 Tech. Option – I :Farmers Practice + Borax @ 10kg/ha (Soil application during final land preparation) 34.92 25.32 147 23.6 31800 55872 24072 1.75 Tech. Option – II :Farmers Practice + Borax @ 5kg/ha (Soil application during final land preparation) 33.23 22.75 136 22.8 30800 53168 22368 1.72 CD at 5%   3.34
7.	Final recommendation for micro level situation	Results revealed that the yield (33.23 q/ha) and B:C ratio (1.72) of technology option-II is at par with technology option-I (34.92 q/ha, 1.75) in terms of soil application of borax @ 5 kg ha-1. Yield is increased by soil application of B might be due to the direct effect of panicle fertility, higher number of grains per panicle and 1000-grains weight. It is also found that soil application of borax @ 5 kg ha-1 along with organic manure for higher yield and returns of paddy in boron deficient soils of Purulia districts of West Bengal.
8.	Constraints identified and feedback for research	Lack of knowledge about soil health status and soil application rates of borax.
9.	Process of farmers participation and their reaction	PRA for problem identification and matching it with technologies available from different resource centers. Then finalize the treatments in consultation with farmers and researchers for planning the OFT. The programme was implemented through regular field visits by the KVK scientists, Interaction with the contact farmers and group discussion with the villagers. Feedback was collected from the direct response of the participating farmers/ farm women, indirect response of the villagers and discussion with village level leaders and govt. agencies. To promote adoption of new enterprises and to take higher economic return from different enterprises farmers should develop their banking aptitudes and habits to take full advantage of credit facilities extended by the banks and should be treated as important as their own programmes. Timely supply of inputs, strengthening the extension infrastructure and marketing facilities also need attention.

Thematic area: Soil Health & Fertility Management (INM)

Problem definition: Paddy cultivation of this district is the primary crop during Kharif season. 77% of the net-cropped area is under Aman paddy cultivation. Out of the total agricultural holding about 73 % belongs to small and marginal farmers. The crops are grown mostly under rainfed condition, generally with low fertilizer and without micronutrient consumption. Thus, per hectare production is also low as compared to other district of West Bengal.

Technology assessed: To evaluate the effect of soil applied B on the grain yield and soil properties of kharif paddy.

 

Table: Assessment of soil application of boron on yield of kharif paddy under red and lateritic soils of Purulia District of West Bengal.

D.O.S:20-25/07/2022 D.O.H: 25-30/11/2022 No. of Replication: 10   Paddy: cv. G.B.-1

Tech. Option	No. of Trials	Yield (q/ha)	No. of effective tillers/hill	No. of spikelet per panicle	Test wt. (100 grain wt.)	Gross cost (Rs./ha)	Gross Return (Rs./ha)	Net return (Rs./ha)	B:C
Farmers Practice: Application of FYM @ 2.5 t/ha + apply 40:30:30 Kg/ha N:P:K as basal followed by 20 Kg N/ha as top dressing at 30-35 DAT.	10	28.72	18.18	123	20.6	28800	45952	17152	1.59
Tech. Option – I :Farmers Practice + Borax @ 10kg/ha (Soil application during final land preparation)		34.92	25.32	147	23.6	31800	55872	24072	1.75
Tech. Option – II :Farmers Practice + Borax @ 5kg/ha (Soil application during final land preparation)		33.23	22.75	136	22.8	30800	53168	22368	1.72
CD at 5%		3.34

Results: Results revealed that the yield (33.23 q/ha) and B:C ratio (1.72) of technology option-II is at par with technology option-I (34.92 q/ha, 1.75) in terms

of soil application of borax @ 5 kg ha^-1. Yield is increased by soil application of B might be due to the direct effect of panicle fertility, higher number of grains per panicle and 1000-grains weight. It is also found that soil application of borax @ 5 kg ha^-1 along with organic manure for higher yield and returns of paddy in boron deficient soils of Purulia districts of West Bengal.

 

 

OFT-6

1.	Title of On farm Trial	Assessment of the depth of water level in the paddy field during transplanting by mechanized transplanter on yield of Kharif rice in bunded medium assured irrigated land of Red laterite tracts of Purulia, West Bengal during Kharif season.
2.	Problem diagnosed	In Purulia out of total 1.03 lakh ha. Area under Kharif paddy about 90 % is occupied by bunded medium land where even after introduction of HYVs and Hybrids poor crop yield (2.2-2.5 t/ha) is a regular phenomena. Delayed transplanting and sometimes insufficient rainfall for land preparation brought down the overall production of Rice in the District. Keeping a glance on rice crop, the water application and transplanting method of seedlings are also main factors which can decide the yield potential. So there is a need of producing such rice production packages which not only strengthen the slogan of precision agriculture but also responsible for opti-mum paddy yield. Conventionally rice is considered as a hy-drophytic or water loving crop but the severe water shortage in the country has forced the rice researchers to determine the suitable level of water at transplanting for rice crop.
3.	Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement	Farmers Practice: Farmers transplant overaged seedlings (40-50 days old) in 10 cm standing water level Technology option – I: Using  8 Row Mechanized Rice transplanter in 2.5 cm standing water level Technology option – II: Using  8 Row Mechanized Rice transplanter in 5 cm standing water level
4.	Source of Technology	Indian Institute of technology kharagpur
5.	Production system and thematic area	Rice-Fallow-Vegetable, Agriculture Engineering (Promotion of farm implements for Crop Production.)
6.	Performance of the Technology with performance indicators	D.O.S:21.07.21 D.O.T.: 28.08.22    D.O.H: 12.12.2022 onwards    No. Of Replication: 10, Paddy cv. GB-1 Technology option No. of trials Number of plants/m2 Labor for transplanting (Man days/ha) Yield (Q/ha) Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha) Gross return (Rs/ha) Net return (Rs./ha) BC ratio Farmers Practice: -Farmers transplant overaged seedlings (40-50 days old) in 10 cm standing water level. 10 20.85 43 23.7 30400 42660 12260 1.4 Technology option – I:Using 8 Row Mechanized Rice transplanter in 2.5 cm standing water level 22.28 8 31.25 23400 56250 32850 2.4 Technology option – II: Using 8 Row Mechanized Rice transplanter in 5 cm standing water level. 19.1 8 26.27   23400 47286 23886   2.02 CD at 5% 2.05   5.6
7.	Final recommendation for micro level situation	It was revealed that Technology Option-I i.e., Using 8 Row Mechanized Rice transplanter in 2.5 cm standing water level resulted higher yield (31.25 q/ha) over the Farmers Practice (23.7 q/ha) and reduction of mandays from 43 to 8 mandays per hectare.
8.	Constraints identified and feedback for research	i) Farmers are unaware about the Mechanized Rice transplanter for paddy transplanting. ii) Non availability of Mechanized Rice transplanter at right time.
9.	Process of farmers participation and their reaction	The farmers were selected through the FSC meeting held at the concerned village. The selected farmers were trained in the respective technology at village level along with other farmers. Initially the farmers were doubtful about the performance of Mechanized Rice transplanter in paddy transplanting, as they never seen it before in the locality. But they were astonished observing the Reducing Drudgery and increasing weeding efficiency after using of Mechanized Rice transplanter

Thematic area: Agriculture Engineering (Promotion of farm implements for Crop Production.)

Problem definition: In Purulia out of total 2.72 lakh ha. under Kharif paddy about 60 % is occupied by upland where even after introduction of HYVs and Hybrids poor crop yield (2.2-2.5 t/ha) is a regularphenomenon. Delayed transplanting and sometimes insufficient rainfall for land preparation brought down the overall production of Rice in the District. Keeping a glance on rice crop, the water application and transplanting method of seedlings are also main factors which can decide the yield potential. So, there is a need of producing such rice production packages which not only strengthen the slogan of precision agriculture but also responsible for opti-mum paddy yield. Conventionally rice is considered as a hy-drophytic or water loving crop but the severe water shortage in the country has forced the rice researchers to determine the suitable level of water at transplanting for rice crop.

Technology assessed: Performance of different depth of water level in paddy field during transplanting by mechanized transplanter on yield of Kharif rice in assured irrigated condition.

 

 

Table: Assessment of the depth of water level in the paddy field during transplanting by mechanized transplanter on yield of Kharif rice in bunded medium assured irrigated land of Red laterite tracts of Purulia, West Bengal during Kharif season.

D.O.S:13.08.22 D.O.T.: 28.08.22   D.O.H: 22.12.2022 onwards    No. of Replication: 10            Crop:Paddy cv.Gotra Bidhan-1

Technology option	No. of trials	Number of plants/m2	Labor (Man days/ha)	Yield (Q/ha)	Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha)	Gross return (Rs/ha)	Net return (Rs./ha)	BC ratio
Farmers Practice: - Farmers transplant aged seedlings (40-50 days old) in 15cm standing water level	10	20.85	43	23.7	30400	42660	12260	1.4
Technology option – I: Using 8 Row Mechanized Rice transplanter in 2.5 cm standing water level		22.28	8	31.25	23400	56250	32850	2.4
Technology option – II: Using 8 Row Mechanized Rice transplanter in 5 cm standing water level.		19.1	8	26.27	23400	47286	23886	2.02
CD at 5%		2.07		5.2

Results:It was revealed that Technology Option-I i.e., Using 8 Row Mechanized Rice transplanter in 2.5 cm standing water level resulted higher yield (31.25 q/ha) over the Farmers Practice (23.7 q/ha) and reduction of mandays from 43 to 8 mandays per hectare.

 

 

OFT-7

1.	Title of On farm Trial	Assessment of different space of sowing by 4-row muti crop transplanter on yield of rainfed maize in bunded uplands of Red laterite zone of Purulia, West Bengal.
2.	Problem diagnosed	In Purulia District presently Maize is a promising crop of bunded uplands under limited irrigation facilities grown in about 2682 ha with an average yield of 18.2 q/ha. Although there is enough scope for horizontal expansion of Maize.Farmers of this particular region adopting traditional method for Maize sowing that demandshugelabour& time and resulted in increase in cost of production & finally with that a significant reduction in decrease of Net Return has been observed. Moreover it has been noticed that poor Sowing technique is a major cause for reduction in production and productivity
3.	Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement	Farmers Practice: - Line sowing method by traditional way for Maize (60cm X 20cm) cultivation during Kharif season. Technology option – I: Use of 4-Row Multicrop planter, for Maize (60cm X 20cm) cultivation during Kharif season. Technology option – II: Use of 4-Row Multicrop planter, for Maize (60cm X 30 cm) cultivation during Kharif season.
4.	Source of Technology	Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering-Bhopal
5.	Production system and thematic area	Maize– Fallow-Vegetable, Agriculture Engineering (Promotion of farm implements forCrop Production.)
6.	Performance of the Technology with performance indicators	D.O.S: 11.05.2021      D.O.H: 23.08.2021 –5.09.2021 No. Of Replication: 10, Maize (Pioneer-3502) Technology option No. of trials Plant Height (Cm.) Labor requirement for sowing (Man days/ha) Yield (q/ha) Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha) Gross return (Rs/ha) Net return (Rs./ha) BC ratio Farmers Practice:  Line sowing method by traditional way for Maize (60cm X 20cm) cultivation during Kharif season. 10 199.6   21 58.97   46550   88415   41865   1.89 Technology option – I: Use of 4-Row Multicrop planter, for Maize (60cm X 20cm) cultivation during Kharif season. 203.5   2.43 (-76%)   75.48 (28%) 48125   113220 65095   2.35 Technology option – II: Use of 4-Row Multicrop planter, for Maize (60cm X 30 cm) cultivation during Kharif season. 209.7   2.02 (-93%) 66.46 (12%) 48075   99690 51615         2.07 CD at 5%     9.24
7.	Final recommendation for micro level situation	The result reveals that Technology option-I i.e.Use of 4-Row Multicrop planter, for Maize sowing with spacing of 60cm X 20cm yields 75.48 q/ha over the Farmers Practice (58.97q/ha) due to reduction of mandays from 21 to 2.43 per hectare during sowing.
8.	Constraints identified and feedback for research	i) Farmers are unaware about the efficacy of 4 Row multicrop planter. ii) Non availability and cost involvement of 4 Row multicropplantermachine at right time.
9.	Process of farmers participation and their reaction	The farmers were selected through the FSC meeting held at the concerned village. The selected farmers were trained in the respective technology at village level along with other farmers. Initially the farmers were doubtful about the performance of 4 Row multicrop planter as they never seen it before in the locality. But they were astonished observing the production and productivity of Maize after using of 4 Row Multicrop Planter.

Thematic area:Agriculture Engineering (Promotion of farm implements forCrop Production.)

Problem definition: In Purulia District presently Maize is a promising crop of bunded uplands under limited irrigation facilities grown in about 2682 ha with an average yield of 18.2 q/ha.Althoughthere is enough scope for horizontal expansion of Maize.Farmers of this particular region adopting traditional method for Maize sowing that demandshugelabour& time and resulted in increase in cost of production & finally with that a significant reduction in decrease of Net Return has been observed. Moreover it has been noticed that poor Sowing technique is a major cause for reduction in production and productivity.

Technology assessed: Performance of 4 Row MulticropPlanterfor Maize cultivationover farmers practice in context of Production & Drudgery reduction.

Table: Assessment of different space of sowing by 4-row muti crop transplanter on yield of rainfed maize in bunded uplands of Red laterite zone of Purulia, West Bengal.

D.O.S: 29.06.2020      D.O.H: 04.10.2020 –11.10.2020 No. Of Replication: 10, Maize (Pioneer-3502)

Technology option	No. of trials	Plant Height (Cm.)	Labor requirement for sowing (Man days/ ha)	Yield (q/ha)	Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha)	Gross return (Rs/ha)	Net return (Rs./ha)	BC ratio
Farmers Practice:  Line sowing method by traditional way for Maize (60cm X 20cm) cultivation during Kharif season.	10	199.6	21	58.97	46550	88415	41865	1.89
Technology option – I: Use of 4-Row Multicrop planter, for Maize (60cm X 20cm) cultivation during Kharif season.		203.5	2.43 (-76%)	75.48 (28%)	48125	113220	65095	2.35
Technology option – II: Use of 4-Row Multicrop planter, for Maize (60cm X 30 cm) cultivation during Kharif season.		209.7	2.02 (-93%)	66.46 (12%)	48075	99690	51615	2.07
CD at 5%				9.24

Results:The result reveals that Technology option-I i.e. Use of 4-Row Multicrop planter, for Maize sowing with spacing of 60cm X 20cm yields 75.48 q/ha over the Farmers Practice (58.97q/ha) and reduction of mandays from 21 to 2.43 per hectare during sowing.

 

 

OFT-8

1	Title of On farm Trial	Assessment of the effect of feeding kitchen waste with or without Rice waste over the concentrate mixture on performance of growth of indigenous pigs under extensive system of management under Red & Lateritic Zone of Purulia District, W.B
2	Problem diagnosed	Pig rearing on conventional concentrate feeding in largely non-remunerative. Sources like kitchen waste and rice waste as a nutritional requirement will reduce either cost of feeding as alternative cheap source.
3	Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement	Farmers Practice: Growth concentrate mixture (available in the market) Technology Option I: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by kitchen waste on DM basis and feeding for 4  months. Technology Option II: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by rice waste on DM basis and feeding for 4 months. Technology Option III: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by 50% kitchen waste and 50% rice waste on Dry matter basis and feeding for 4 months.
4	Source of Technology	Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
5	Production system and thematic area	Production System: Extensive System Thematic Area: Livestock Production & Management (Feed Management)
6	Performance of the Technology with performance indicators	Date of onset: 10/04/2022; Date of completion: 10/08/2022; Replication: 10, Breed: Non descriptive pig Technolooogy option No. of trials Yield component Feed conversion ratio  Yield (Body weight gain at 4 months of age (kg)) Gross Cost (Rs./unit)   Gross return (Rs/unit) Net return (Rs./unit ) BC ratio Feed consumed (kg/day) Gain in body weight (gm/day) Body weight gain at 4 months of age (kg) Farmers Practice:Growth concentrate mixture (available in the market) 10 0.74 142.15 21.32 1.77 21.32 3420 5330 1990 1.55 Technology Option I: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by kitchen waste on DM basis and feeding for 4 months. 0.73 169.04 24.16 2.17 24.16 2300 6040 3740 2.62 Technology Option II: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by rice waste on DM basis and feeding for 4 months. 0.69 136.86 20.11 1.80 20.11 2200 5027 2823 2.28 Technology Option III: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by 50% kitchen waste and 50% rice waste on Dry matter basis and feeding for 4 months. 0.71 159.55 22.39 2.05 22.39 2300 5597 3297 2.43 CD at 5%           0.74
7	Final recommendation for micro level situation	The result of the experiment reveals that, the feeding of kitchen waste in pig by 100% replacement of growth concentrate mixture on Dry Matter basis for 4 months achieved highest body weight by highest daily weight gain, and BC ratio also increased.
8	Constraints identified and feedback for research	Lack of knowledge for proper feed formulation by kitchen waste or fermented rice waste as per the replacement of growth concentrate mixture on dry matter basis in case of pig.
9	Process of farmers participation and their reaction	The farmers mainly Pig farmers were selected through FSC meeting held at the concerned villages. The selected farmers were trained in the respective technology at village level along with other farmers. The farmers  are more interested in Pig farming  but production and productivity was less. However, now they are encouraged with the result of the on farm testing.

Thematic area: Livestock Production & Management (Feed Management)

Problem definition: Conventional concentrate feeding for pig rearing is largely non-remunerative. Feeding of kitchen waste and rice waste as a nutritional requirement reduce either cost of feeding as alternative cheap source and achieve highest body weight gain in case of pig.

Technology assessed:

Farmers Practice: Growth concentrate mixture (available in the market)

Technology Option I: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by kitchen waste on DM basis and feeding for 4

months.

Technology Option II: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by rice waste on DM basis and feeding for 4 months.

Technology Option III: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by 50% kitchen waste and 50% rice waste on Dry matter basis and feeding for 4 months.

 

 

Table: Assessment of the effect of feeding kitchen waste with or without Rice waste over the concentrate mixture on performance of growth of indigenous pigs under extensive system of management under Red & Lateritic Zone of Purulia District, W.B.

Date of onset: 10/04/2022; Date of completion: 10/08/2022; Replication: 10, Breed: Non descriptive pig

Technology option	No. of trials	Yield component			Feed conversion ratio	Yield (Body weight gain at 4 months of age (kg))	Gross Cost (Rs./unit)	Gross return (Rs/unit)	Net return (Rs./unit)	BC ratio
		Feed consumed (kg/day)	Gain in body weight(gm/day)	Body weight gain at 4 months of age (kg)
FarmersPractice:Growth concentrate mixture (available in the market)	10	0.74	142.15	21.32	1.77	21.32	3420	5330	1990	1.55
Technology Option I: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by kitchen waste on DM basis and feeding for 4 months.		0.73	169.04	24.16	2.17	24.16	2300	6040	3740	2.62
Technology Option II: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by rice waste on DM basis and feeding for 4 months.		0.69	136.86	20.11	1.80	20.11	2200	5027	2823	2.28
Technology Option III: Total replacement of concentrate mixture by 50% kitchen waste and 50% rice waste on Dry matter basis and feeding for 4 months.		0.71	159.55	22.39	2.05	22.39	2300	5597	3297	2.43
CD at 5%						0.74

Results: The result of the experiment reveals that, Technology Option I i.e.feeding of kitchen waste in pig by 100% replacement of growth concentrate mixture on Dry Matter basis for 4 months achieved highest body weight by highest daily weight gain, and BC ratio also increased.

 

 

OFT-9

1.	Title of On farm Trial	Title: Assessment of bio-effectiveness of low cost eco-friendly pesticide formulations against diseases of Tasar silk worm in Purulia district of West Bengal
2.	Problem diagnosed	In Purulia district of West Bengal rearing of tasar silk worm dates back to early 20th century and had been a common practice of the rural community especially among the tribal farmers. However, unscientific conventional rearing practice has led to more losses than return which thereby forced farmers to shift to other more profitable farming options leaving tasar cultivation to some very limited pockets of the district. Tasar silkworm rearing is done outdoor, as a result of which optimum cocoon yield is drastically reduced due to several fungal, bacterial and viral diseases of tasar silkworm. Curative measures to keep in check the pest and diseases of silkworm cannot be undertaken and one has to rely on preventive measures to deal with the pest and disease management for which proper knowledge and skill is mandatory.
3.	Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement	Farmers Practice: Farmers are mostly unaware of the diseases of tasar silk worm and do not undertake any management options for management of diseases of tasar silk worm Technology option – I: Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with TasarKeetOusadh (T.K.O) on silkworm body during transfer of worms Technology option – II: Foliar dusting of branches and below growing bushes with Jeevan Suraksha once in 2nd and 3rd instar+ T.K.O application on body of silkworm during transfer of worms Technology option – III: Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with Jeevan Suraksha during transfer of worm during 4th and 5th instar
4.	Source of Technology	Central Tasar Research and Training Institute (CTR & TI)
5.	Production system and thematic area	Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) plantation in unbunded upland as an enteroforestry enterprise, Plant Protection (Integrated Disease Management)
6.	Performance of the Technology with performance indicators	Date of brushing of silkworms: 23.09.2022-25.09.2022   Date of harvest of cocoons: 17.11.2022 onwards    No. Of Replication: 10, TasarEcorace: Daba Technology option No. of trials Yield of cocoon(no./ha) % infection of silkworms % reduction in disease Gross Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha) Gross return (Rs./ha) Net return (Rs./ha) BC ratio Farmers Practice: - No disease management intervention 10 20480 46.54 0 35629 56086 20457 1.57 Technology option – I: Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with Jeevan Suraksha during transfer of worm during 4th and 5th instar 32934 29.87 35.82 40349 90193 49844 2.24 Technology option – II: Foliar dusting of branches and below growing bushes with Jeevan Suraksha once in 2nd and 3rd instar+ T.K.O application on body of silkworm during transfer of worms 35206 28.23 39.34 40932 96415 55483 2.36 Technology option – III: Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with TasarKeetOusadh (T.K.O) on silkworm body during transfer of worms 39808 22.56 51.53 40198 109019 68821 2.71 CD at 5%   2.54
7.	Final recommendation for micro level situation	Trial results reveal that all the technology options put into assessment reduced disease infection of tasar silkworms significantly over farmers practice and thereby increased yield of cocoons. Technology option III (Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with TasarKeetOusadh (T.K.O) on silkworm body during transfer of worms) was found to be the best followed by Technology option II and I respectively. These disease management options are inexpensive and can be prepared using botanicals or kitchen items and thus are highly effective and remunerative for tasar cultivation in the district of Purulia.
8.	Constraints identified and feedback for research	i) Farmers are unaware about the diseases and sanitation required to be maintained throughout the crop growing period ii) Non availability of quality dfl to farmers iii) The role of middleman in purchase of cocoons slash down the prices of raw cocoon by almost 45-50%
9.	Process of farmers participation and their reaction	The farmers were selected through the FSC meeting held at the concerned village. The selected farmers were trained in the respective technology at village level along with other farmers. Initially farmers were skeptical regarding requirement of preventive measures prior to disease development in the plantation. However, they were impressed with the results and further wish to adopt these technologies.

Thematic area: Plant Protection (Integrated Disease Management)

Problem definition:

In Purulia district of West Bengal rearing of tasar silk worm dates back to early 20^th century and had been a common practice of the rural community especially among the tribal farmers. However, unscientific conventional rearing practice has led to more losses than return which thereby forced farmers to shift to other more profitable farming options leaving tasar cultivation to some very limited pockets of the district. Tasar silkworm rearing is done outdoor, as a result of which optimum cocoon yield is drastically reduced due to several fungal, bacterial and viral diseases of tasar silkworm. Curative measures to keep in check the pest and diseases of silkworm cannot be undertaken and one has to rely on preventive measures to deal with the pest and disease management for which proper knowledge and skill is mandatory.

Technology assessed:

Farmers Practice: Farmers are mostly unaware of the diseases of tasar silk worm and do not undertake any management options for management of diseases of tasar silk worm

Technology option – I: Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with Jeevan Suraksha during transfer of worm during 4th and 5th instar

Technology option – II: Foliar dusting of branches and below growing bushes with Jeevan Suraksha once in 2^nd and 3^rd instar+ T.K.O application on body of silkworm during transfer of worms

Technology option – III: Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with TasarKeetOusadh (T.K.O) on silkworm body during transfer of worms

 

Table: Assessment of bio-effectiveness of low cost eco-friendly pesticide formulations against diseases of Tasar silk worm in Purulia district of West Bengal

Date of brushing of silkworms: 23.09.2022-25.09.2022 Date of harvest of cocoons : 17.11.2022 onwards  No. Of Replication: 10, TasarEcorace: Daba

Technology option	No. of trials	Yield of cocoon (no./ha)	% infection of silkworms	% reduction in disease	Gross Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha)	Gross return (Rs./ha)	Net return (Rs./ha)	BC ratio
Farmers Practice: - No disease management intervention	10	20480	46.54	0	35629	56086	20457	1.57
Technology option – I: Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with Jeevan Suraksha during transfer of worm during 4th and 5th instar		32934	29.87	35.82	40349	90193	49844	2.24
Technology option – II: Foliar dusting of branches and below growing bushes with Jeevan Suraksha once in 2nd and 3rd instar+ T.K.O application on body of silkworm during transfer of worms		35206	28.23	39.34	40932	96415	55483	2.36
Technology option – III: Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with TasarKeetOusadh (T.K.O) on silkworm body during transfer of worms		39808	22.56	51.53	40198	109019	68821	2.71
CD at 5%			2.54

Results:Trial results reveal that all the technology options put into assessment reduced disease infection of tasar silkworms significantly over farmers practice and thereby increased yield of cocoons. Technology option III (Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1^st , 2^nd and 3^rd instar+ Dusting with TasarKeetOusadh (T.K.O) on silkworm body during transfer of worms) was found to be the best with an yield of 39808 number of cocoons with low infection of silkworms viz., 22.56% and thereby causing a disease reduction by 51.53% over that of existing farmers practice. This Technology option is closely followed by Technology option II (Foliar dusting of branches and below growing bushes with Jeevan Suraksha once in 2^nd and 3^rd instar+ T.K.O application on body of silkworm during transfer of worms) and Technology option I (Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on branches where larvae are feeding once in each 1st , 2nd and 3rd instar+ Dusting with Jeevan Suraksha during transfer of worm during 4th and 5th instar) respectively. These disease management options are inexpensive and can be prepared using botanicals or kitchen items and thus are highly effective and remunerative for tasar cultivation. Thus, Technology option III can be recommended and promoted further in areas of tasar cultivation in Purulia.

 

 

OFT- 1

1	Title of On Farm Trial	Assessment of different techniques of nursery raising on the economic viability of vegetable seedlings throughout the year in Red and Lateritic Zone of Purulia District of West Bengal.
2	Problem diagnosed	Vegetable seedlings are grown in Purulia district for main season transplanting and also for income generation. In most cases it is found that nursery beds are prepared in open field and therefore seedlings die due to root rot or due to adverse weather climate.
3	Details of technologies selected for assessment/refinement	Farmers Practice: Seed Bed Preparation in open field with application of FYM. Technology Option –I: Use of germination tray for nursery raising in open field condition and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit-1 after sowing of seeds at 7 days interval (3 times). Technology Option-II: Use of germination tray for nursery raising inside low-cost poly house and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit-1 after sowing of seeds at 7 days interval (3 times).
4	Source of Technology	Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore.
5	Production system and thematic area	Production system: Rainfed upland, vegetable-fallow-fallow Thematic area: Horticulture Vegetable crops (Nursery Raising).
6	Performance of the Technology with performance indicators	Table: Performance of the Technology with performance indicators: DOS: Jan- Nov, 2022; DOU: Feb-Dec, 2022; Replication: 10 Cropping Sequence for Nursery Raising: Tomato-Cabbage-Broccoli-Capsicum-Cauliflower-Brinjal-Chilli Unit Size- 100m2 Tech. option No. of Trials Yield Component No. of Healthy Seedlings Average price (per) Gross cost (Rs) Gross Return (Rs.) Net return (Rs) B:C ratio Days to 50% germination % of Fungal Attack Mortality % of Seedling Farmers Practice: Seed Bed Preparation in open field with application of FYM. 10 7 22 24.5 48796 1.5 15988.0 73194.0 60206.0 3.77 Technology Option –I: Use of germination tray for nursery raising in open field condition and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit-1 after sowing of seeds at 7 days interval (3 times). 5 15 17.1 97564 1.5 31560.0 146346.0 120786.0 3.82 Technology Option-II: Use of germination tray for nursery raising inside low cost poly house and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit-1 after sowing of seeds at 7 days interval (3 times). 4 3 4.2 146730 1.5 40112.0 220095.0 167983.0 4.18 CD at 5%   N.S. 9.72 11.31
7	Final recommendation for micro level situation	The trial reveals that Technology Option-II: Use of germination tray for nursery raising inside low cost poly house and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit-1 after sowing of seeds shows maximum number of healthy seedlings (146730) in comparison to Farmers practice(48796) in 100m2 due to decrease in mortality rate from 24.5% to 4.2% respectively. Thus there is an increase in higher B:C ration of Tecnology Option-II (4.18).
8	Constraints identified and feedback for research	More training on use of germination tray for raising vegetable seedlings in Purulia district is required as well as reputed vendors are required to procure good quality of germination tray & low-cost poly house materials.
9	Process of farmers participation and their reaction	The farmers were selected through FSC meeting at the concern villages. The farmers are trained in the respective technology at village level along with other farmers. Nursery raising of different vegetable seedlings is common practice in the area with fungal attack resulting to high mortality rate. Now the farmers are very interested to use germination tray inside low-cost poly house to decrease the number of days to germination, fungal attack, mortality and increase number of healthy seedlings.

Thematic Area: Horticulture Vegetable crops (Nursery Raising).

Problem definition: Nursery raising of vegetable crops in open field condition is very common in Purulia district. In most cases it is found that in open field condition the germination is delayed. Fungal attack is also very common problem resulting to high mortality rate.

Technology assessed: Use of germination tray for nursery raising inside low-cost poly house and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit^-1 after sowing of seeds at 7 days interval (3 times).

 

Table: Assessment of different techniques of nursery raising on the economic viability of vegetable seedlings throughout the year in Red and Lateritic Zone of Purulia District of West Bengal.

DOS: Jan- Nov, 2022; DOU: Feb-Dec, 2022; Replication: 10

Crop: Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Capsicum, Broccoli

Tech. option	No. of Trials	Yield Component			No. of Healthy Seedlings	Average price (per seedling)	Gross cost (Rs)	Gross Return (Rs.)	Net return (Rs)	B:C ratio
		Days to 50% germination	% of Fungal Attack	Mortality % of Seedling
Farmers Practice: Seed Bed Preparation in open field with application of FYM.	10	7	22	24.5	48796	1.5	15988.0	73194.0	60206.0	3.77
Technology Option –I: Use of germination tray for nursery raising in open field condition and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit-1 after sowing of seeds at 7 days interval (3 times).		5	15	17.1	97564	1.5	31560.0	146346.0	120786.0	3.82
Technology Option-II: Use of germination tray for nursery raising inside low-cost poly house and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit-1 after sowing of seeds at 7 days interval (3 times).		4	3	4.2	146730	1.5	40112.0	220095.0	167983.0	4.18
CD at 5%		N.S.	9.72	11.31	12.04

Result:

The trial reveals that Technology Option-II: Use of germination tray for nursery raising inside low-cost poly house and application of Fungicide as foliar spray @ 2gm lit^-1 after sowing of seeds shows maximum number of healthy seedlings (146730) in comparison to Farmers practice (48796) in 100m² due to decrease in mortality rate from 24.5% to 4.2% respectively. Thus there is an increase in higher B:C ration of Tecnology Option-II (4.18).